Workplace Violence - 10377 Words

UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones 5-1-2002 Workplace violence: A case study Robert F. White University of Nevada, Las Vegas Repository Citation White, Robert F., Workplace violence: A case study (2002). UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones. Paper 522. http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/522 This Capstone is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Scholarship@UNLV. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses/ Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact marianne.buehler@unlv.edu. WORKPLACE VIOLENCE: A CASE STUDY By Robert F. White Bachelor†¦show more content†¦Since the Las Vegas Valley main post office administrative offices 1 have had at least one violent incident, did they develop any measures concerning violence prevention? And does it cost much if your organization had a violent incident? Depending on what preconceived opinion you may have, this paper could change your mind or at least get you looking and thinking more about this subject. The paper will present work from several researchers in the Literature Review section and discuss (1) the extent of workplace violence, (2) the cost of workplace violence, and (3) two main factors that can be used to explain the causes of workplace violence. In the section on Preventing Workplace Violence, a basic workplace violence prevention plan is developed based on the most frequently occurring recommendations. The workplace violence prevention plan is then used to develop an interview instrument to collect information regarding the post office preparedness to deal with violent incidents. The Methodology section presents the information collection process and ex plains the setting in which the post office operates. Finally, the Findings and Analysis section explores the practices of the post office against the template presented as a basic workplace violence prevention plan. 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The ugly face of workplace violence had not been prominently displayed in the public’s eye until the mid 1980s. What we commonly had, inShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Violence And The Workplace2844 Words   |  12 PagesWorkplace Violence statics across the United States of America have been on a steady rise each year since the early 1990’s. Reports have consistently shown in recent years that than an average of 500 homicides and 1.5 million assaults occur each year in America, in the workplace. With those types of statics on the rise in America it’s clear that a Workplace Violence Program is essential to the health, welfare, safety, and security of our employees in the workplace. When enacting a Workplace ViolenceRead MoreWorkplace Violence And The Workplace1145 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace violence definition OSHA Fact Sheet (2012) states â€Å" workplace violence is a violence or the threat of violence against workers† (p.1). Workplace violence causes serious harm to employees or homicide that can lead to deaths. Act in any kind of shapes and forms such as: physical threat, threatening behavior, intention of assault and battery, verbal abuse, beating, stabbing, rape, shooting, being followed, psychological trauma, suicide, treat or obscene phone call/text, intimidation. WorkplaceRead MoreWorkplace Violence1735 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace violence is present in every nook and cranny of corporate America, affecting millions of Americans every year. Workplace violence is defined by the Occupational Safety Health Administration, OSHA, as any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. In 2011, there were over 2 two million reports and claims of workplaceRead MoreWorkplace Violence And The Workplace1396 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace violence Workplace violence can be any act of physical violence, threats of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening, disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. Workplace violence can affect or involve employees, visitors, contractors, and other non-Federal employees. A number of different actions in the work environment can trigger or cause workplace violence. It may even be the result of non-work-related situations such as domestic violence or â€Å"road rageRead MoreWorkplace Violence In The Workplace1071 Words   |  5 Pages INTRODUCTION: Violence in the workplace has become a major safety and health issue. Workplace violence is not limited to homicide. This type of violence includes behaviors and circumstances that threaten an employee s physical safety; such as: verbal threats, sexual or physical harassment, coercion, behavior changes, intimidation, stalking, telephone/email harassment, and history of aggression. â€Å"Workplace violence incidents have tripled in the last decade, and it is now the fastest-growing categoryRead MoreWorkplace Violence And Its Effects On The Workplace834 Words   |  4 Pagesspecialists, medical attendants and assistants who manage psychiatric patients; individuals from crisis restorative reaction groups; and doctor s facility workers working in confirmations, crisis rooms, and emergency or intense consideration unit. This is violence committed by an aggressor who either gets administrations from or is under the custodial supervision of the influenced work environment or the casualty. The aggressors can be present or previous clients or customers, for example, travelers, patientsRead MoreWorkplace Violence2432 Words   |  10 PagesWORKPLACE VIOLENCE: A FORCE OF OVERALL CONCERN Adell Newman-Lee Criminology-CJ102-D04 December 3, 2003 THESIS: WORKPLACE AS IT RELATES TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE I INTRODUCTION: †¢ Crime and violence †¢ Workplace violence a major concern †¢ The three entities involved II STATISTICS †¢ The Bureau of Justice Statistics †¢ Statistics from 1992 to 1996 †¢ National Crime Victimization Survey and The Bureau of Labor Statistic III WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A LAW ENFORCEMENT ISSUE †¢ Responsibility of Law EnforcementRead More Workplace Violence Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Violence Workplace violence is a phenomenon that is now widely recognized as a social problem, which impacts all organizations. According to Department of Justice statistics for 1995, 21% of all violent crime occurred while the victim was either at work or traveling to or from work. Workplace Violence accounted for more than two (2) million violent Crimes annually from 1992-1997 (Kaufer 1-2). In this research paper I will provide an overview of workplace violenceRead MoreEssay on Workplace Violence620 Words   |  3 PagesWorkplace Violence Workplace violence can be defined as any action that can threaten the safety of an employee, impact the employees psychological or physical well being, or cause damage to a companys property. Workplace violence is not often talked about, but it does kill people. In the last decade it has become one of the leading causes of deaths in the workplace. The UniversityRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1235 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Violence in the workplace has been around for centuries. Everything from verbal abuse and harassments to physical abuse and murders have been known to happen in a business. During the 1980’s several violent attacks happened in the Postal Service, public awareness of workplace violence began in August of 1986 when a postal employee shot and killed fourteen people before killing himself. Prior to these killings, violence in the workplace was only referred to as getting injured on the

Cultural diversity- Chinese and Filipino - 2929 Words

Task 1 There are many cultures that share similarities and differences in this world. Two cultures that are different in their traditions and rituals, though similar in their sexuality and beliefs are the Chinese and Filipino. Both cultures beliefs, sexualities, rituals, values, and traditions have changed over time due to the influence of other cultures and the media. The Chinese and Filipino celebrate different traditions that are held each year. Generally Chinese believe in Buddhism and the Chinese Gods and Goddesses, whereas the Filipinos are Catholic and believe in Jesus, and how he sacrificed himself on the cross, dying for their sins. Religion accounts for most of their traditions. Chinese have traditions involved with ghosts,†¦show more content†¦The Chinese need only to ask for their parents blessing. It is much more difficult for the Filos as they need to ask their parents, as well as their elders, for blessings and wish them luck together. Both cultures dont have engagement parties unlike the Western cultures but have a family dinner including both families and this is when they meet. Soon after this they get married. The period of engagement is not very long. Traditionally at the wedding, Chinese couples wear a traditional Chinese outfit. The ceremony is usually only witnessed by family members and close friends. They bow down in front of their parents and present them with a cup of tea as a sign of respect. They then receive their blessing and are officially married. At a traditional Filipino wedding, the woman would wear a white wedding dress and the man would wear a barong tagalong (silk shirt). The witnesses in their wedding would be the principal sponsor, secondary sponsors, veil sponsors and candle sponsors. They would light two candles, representing the joining of the two families. After that, the veil sponsor would put a veil over the brides head and the grooms shoulders, symbolizing two people becoming one. This is followed by a silk cord delicately placed in the figure 8 over the shoulders of the bride and groom - symbolising everlasting fidelity. Lastly, the groom gives the bride 13 coins, which has been blessed by the priest, which represents his dedication to his wife and futureShow MoreRelated Vocabulary List with Definitions1716 Words   |  7 Pagesthe periphery of two of the worlds largest states, India and China. It is also in the shatter belt where the stresses and pressures from within and without continues to have a fractured political adversaries. Southeast Asia has a variety of cultural diversity, containing hundreds of cultures, ethnicities, languages, religions, and economies. 2. Physiographic natural disasters: Southeast Asia is a realm of islands, peninsulas containing high mountains and deep valleys that is under constant threatRead MoreThe Indonesian National Awakening1452 Words   |  6 Pagessupport from Islamic groups after he began losing popularity during the 1980s. Anderson argued that Indonesian nationalism changed dramatically from its inception, which sought to unite the archipelago, to being used to justify violence against Chinese-Indonesians and the conquest of Timor Leste under Suharto’s New Order. Michael Leifer contends that while Indonesian nationalism stayed quite for most of the New Order, radical groups evoked nationalism as a way to recapture the independence movementRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Shopping Problem1575 Words   |  7 Pagesjuxtaposition between the private and public brings forward the notion that the significance of the intersectional movement between the two fosters food’s symbolic power about memory. For cultural identity this has far-reaching effects, in that at home, what is eaten is unmarked, whereas in public multiculturalism and cultural identity flourish in the Australian urban environment. For example, at home, the Anglo-Australian household may eat mashed potato and beef rissoles wit h gravy, but in public celebratesRead MoreFilipino Values1493 Words   |  6 Pagesmeaning from these actions. Forces that Shape Filipino Contemporary Values Filipino values have been derived from racial strains and cultural elements. These are Aeta, Indonesians, Malayan, Hindu and Chinese. These formed the core of our moral conscience, cultural identify coupled with the cultural elements derived from Spain, the United States and from the modern global community, (Panopio and Rolda, 2000). Andres (1981) commented that the â€Å"Filipino people have a reputation for being culturallyRead MoreThe Philippine Culture And Its Cultural Diversity1265 Words   |  6 Pagestwenty ethnic states, each able in promoting its own languages and culture. By doing this the Philippines will be able to preserve and sustain its cultural diversity. The Philippines is home to a variety of ethnic groups, ironically the Philippines does not sustain a record of their peoples ethnicity, putting everyone under the general category of ‘Filipino citizenship . Also the Philippine government does not support its indigenous languages, imposing Tagalog as its primary teaching in public schoolsRead MoreCultural Immersion Project : Philippines1257 Words   |  6 Pages Cultural Immersion Project: Philippines Jesse Starkey Soc 3214 August, 27, 2014 Virginia College Cultural Immersion Project: Philippines Introduction: There are numerous diverse cultures that reside on this planet, each display their own uniqueness, and significance to this world we live in. The Philippines are a great illustration of how many individuals of different cultures work together to create an astounding community. Much like the United States we are comprised of all varietiesRead MoreCultural Differences in the Professional World1525 Words   |  7 PagesCULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE PROFESSIONAL WORLD 1. Understanding Cultural Differences in the Professional World Deborah A. Myers DeVry University CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE PROFESSIONAL WORLD 2. Understanding Cultural Differences in the Professional Workplace Abstract America has long been known as the melting pot for many different cultures to blend and become unified. To cohabitate and to become an American has long been the dream forRead MoreThe Filipino Culture And Business Practices3384 Words   |  14 Pagesto explore the country’s complex history. Knowing the Philippines’ history will set the stage in understanding the Filipino culture, which heavily transpires through the country’s business culture. Also, collectivistic values such as putting family first, respecting authority and elders, and cherishing group harmony will be discussed. These cultural values dominate the Filipino culture and business practices. Hospitality in the Philippines is second to none. They are extremely social, welcomingRead MoreAsian Americans Academic Success1728 Words   |  7 Pagessupportive academic space, a supportive community and economic resources. In this paper, I will argue that Asian Americans attend college due to the ir cultural roots and familial expectations. Along the way to success are some hardships like stereotypes, gender differences and economic difficulties, but there is also prosperity in means of cultural and familial involvement. Compared to other racial or ethnic backgrounds, hard work and education are frequently viewed as being factors that all AsianRead MoreEssay on Aloha and Mabuhay: A Look Into Filipino Hawai‘i1536 Words   |  7 PagesFilipinos are the second largest ethnicity group in Hawai‘i, right after White or Caucasian. The Filipino race and culture have become a very big part of Hawai‘i’s diverse society. In the 20th century Filipino ancestors took the risk, a gamble taken by many around the world to travel 5,445 miles from the Philippines to Hawai‘i. Hawai‘i’s elite haole were in need of laborers in the rapidly growing sugar industry, because sugar was king. The Filipinos were the last race group to arrive in Hawai‘i

Nature vs Nurture Essay Thesis Example For Students

Nature vs Nurture Essay Thesis IT IS A CONTROVERSIAL SUBJECT ON NATURE OR NURTURE HAS A MORE PROFOUND AFFECT ON A HUMAN BEING. NATURE IS WHAT A PERSON IS TAUGHT THROUGH FAMILY AND SOCIETY. NURTURE IS THE GENETIC MAKE UP OF A PERSON. MANY THINGS AFFECT HOW A PERSON BEHAVES. THE WAY A PERSON BEHAVES SHOWS THE TYPE OF PERSONALITY A PERSON HAS. LEARNING IS A HUGE PART OF HOW A PERSON BEHAVES. YOU LEARN CERTAIN THING FROM THE ENVIRONMENT YOU ARE RAISED IN. BOTH NATURE AND NURTURE ARE IMPORTANT, AND THEY BOTH CAN DETERMINE A PERSONS PERSONALITY. ONE IS NO IMPORTANT THAN THE OTHER. FIRST, A PERSONS BEHAVIOR WILL OR WILL NOT DETERMINE A PERSONS PERSONALITY. BEHAVIOR IS THE WAY HUMAN BEINGS AND OTHER ORGANISMS ACT (WORLD BOOK 1998). MANY PEOPLE USE THE WORD BEHAVIOR TO MEAN CONDUCT (WORLD BOOK 1998). THIS IS HOW A PERSONS ACTIONS FIT SOCIETYS IDEA OF RIGHT AND WRONG (WORLD BOOK 1998). THIS CAN PLAY A BIG ROLE IN FORMING SOMEONES PERSONALITY. MOST HUMAN BEHAVIOR RESULTS FROM MANY DIFFERENT THINGS. ALTHOUGH BEHAVIOR HAS MANY CAUSES, SCIENTIST LOOK TO ISOLATE SINGLE CAUSES (WORLD BOOK 1994). THIS MAKES THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF BEHAVIOR VERY HARD. MOST RESEARCHERS IN PSYCHOLOGY USE CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS IN WHICH THEY CAN EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF ONE FACTOR AT A TIME ON A PARTICULAR TYPE OF BEHAVIOR (WORLD BOOK 1994). SECONDLY, LEARNING IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH BEHAVIOR CHANGES AS A RESULT OF EXPERIENCE OR PRACTICE (WORLD BOOK 1998). A PERSON LEARNS A LOT OF BEHAVIOR THROUGH NEW SURROUNDINGS THAT GIVE EXAMPLES OF NEW BEHAVIOR. LEARNING TAKES PLACE OFTEN BECAUSE PEOPLE ARE ALWAYS BEING GIVEN NEW PROBLEMS TO SOLVE, OR ARE BEING SHOWN NEW WAYS OF DOING THINGS (WORLD BOOK 1998). THIS IS ANOTHER WAY PERSONALITIES ARE FORMED.NEXT, PEOPLE CAN BE INFLUENCED BY FAMILY, FRIENDS, AND OTHER OUTSIDE INFLUENCES. THIS COULD BE IN A NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE WAY. YOUR FAMILY COULD ENCOURAGE YOU TO DO WELL IN SCHOOL AND MAKE SOMETHING OF YOURSELF. THAT DOESNT MEAN YOU WILL DO IT. IT ALL DEPENDS ON THE PERSON. YOUR FRIENDS CAN PRESSURE YOU TO DO SOMETHING, BUT ITS YOUR CHOICE WHETHER YOURE GOING TO DO IT. ITS ALL ABOUT MAKING THE RIGHT DECISIONS. LASTLY, BOTH NATURE AND NURTURE CAN DETERMINE HUMAN BEHAVIOR, AND IT COULD NOT. A PERSON CAN GROW UP IN AN EXCELLENT FAMILY WITH GOOD MORALS, CAN BECOME A SERIAL KILLER. ON THE OTHER HAND, A PERSON CAN GROW UP IN A FAMILY OF DRUGS AND NO MORALS AND BECOME A SUCCESSFUL LAWYER OR SOMETHING OF THAT NATURE. NATURE AND NURTURE DONT ALWAYS HAVE AN EFFECT ON HUMAN BEINGS. ON THE OTHER HAND, IT COULD WORK ONE WAY OR THE OTHER, OR BOTH WAYS. Bibliography:BIBLIOGRAPHYNature: Comptons Encyclopedia (http://comptonsv3.web.aol.com) (2000)Nature: Hutchinson Encyclopedia(http://ukab.web.aol.com) (2000)Nurture: Encarta Online Concise (http://www.encarta.msn.com) (2000)

The History Of Conceptual Framework Accounting Essay Example For Students

The History Of Conceptual Framework Accounting Essay Developing a conceptual model is an impossible possibility it is difficult to state that this statement is incorrect or non. First, there is no accurate or unequivocal position of what constitutes a conceptual model, but there is no uncertainty that conceptual model assisting a development of academic theory, meanwhile, it is besides provide a great trade of prescription. Developing a conceptual model is executable and promising. In this issue, I will explicate what is the conceptual model? Why do we need to develop a conceptual model? Introduce some information about its history and discourse the disadvantage or advantage of developing a conceptual model. After, name some possible jobs about model. We will write a custom essay on The History Of Conceptual Framework Accounting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now What is the conceptual model? There is no unequivocal sentiments of what is the conceptual model, the FASB in the United defined it as a coherent system of interconnected aims and basicss that is expected to take to consistent criterions ( Aims of Financial Reporting by Business Enterprises, 1978 ) I think a conceptual model is used in research to sketch possible of action and analyses the advantage or disadvantage to show a preferable attack to an idea or thought. For illustration, the CEO can analyse the current market environment to judge what the planetary mark that company need to developed. Meanwhile, conceptual model are a type of intermediate theory, it can link to all facets of enquiry. For illustration, the job definition, intent of study, literature reappraisal, dates aggregation. Conceptual model is different to empirical enquiry that depending upon research inquiry or job. On the other manus, I consider model have besides been used to explicate struggle theory, within these struggle models, seeable and unseeable variables map can be clear by constructs of relevancy. The different definition of IASB and FASB Conceptual model has a different definition for IASB and FASB, IASB s conceptual model normally is described in the papers, FASB conceptual model is a series of concept statements. Both of them are working to develop an improved hereafter common conceptual model and supply a sound foundation for developing future accounting criterions. Why do we need to develop a conceptual model? The FASB is the most direct donee of the model. The model provides two facets of benefits to the Board ; one is a foundation for puting criterions, another is constructs to utilize as tools for deciding accounting and coverage inquiries ( www.wku.edu/~jack.hall/whyfasb.pdf ) In my positions, the model contributes to greater efficiency in the standard-setting procedure, it means avoid some argument about cardinal issues, like what is a liability? in the facet of academic field, the model is used to steer the development of accounting criterions, it can ease the proviso of just or impersonal information, the carnival and impersonal information enables users to do right determination. Consequently, developing the model is helpful to advance the efficient allotment of resources, like, the accounting theory cognition can be sensible used by accountant. On the one manus, the organic structure of constructs should to do regulations and relate to fiscal study ; a soundly developed conceptual model enables the IASB to publish more utile and consistent dictums over clip. It means a consistent criterion should ensue. So, if framework have no a soundly development, the counsel by it will influent standard-setting based on single constructs. In other words, standard-setting can non establish on personal conceptual models ; it will take to incorrect decisions about indistinguishable or similar issues than it did antecedently. As a consequence, past determinations is non treat as future 1s, criterions can non be consistent with one another. Furthermore, the conceptual model should be paying attending to users understanding about fiscal coverage. On the other manus, the development of conceptual model should work out new or emerging jobs rapidly, like some alteration of market or study, the model should pay attending to update uninterruptedly. .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 , .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 .postImageUrl , .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 , .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233:hover , .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233:visited , .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233:active { border:0!important; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233:active , .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233 .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e9ec1142f525d1ce055f083ef3fc233:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reconstruction EssayThe history of conceptual model Plato s conceptual model is the beginning of current model. A long clip ago, objects in nature were unstable, they ever changed, but the knowledge must neer alter, it leads to the signifier of theory and it is besides the most celebrated conceptual models in history. ( http: //www.ehow.com/about_6669201_history-conceptual-framework.html ) Now, for many old ages development of accounting criterions, the conceptual model was applied by many states. For illustration, the United Kingdom s Accounting Standards Board initiated a conceptual model development undertaking in 1991. But, the recommendations related to accounting had been released in the United Kingdom in the 1940s. At the beginning of the conceptual model, it was used for sorting footings, the purpose of developing a common nomenclature in some countries. With the development of academic cognition, this represents a personal conceptual model, based on the writer s thought on the topic. Before long, a common linguistic communication, a system of categorization and the cardinal beginnings of a theory are developed, the more experience would gained by larning based on conceptual model, like the research of world and treatment of the literature, conceptual model has a fast development. The advantage or disadvantage of developing a conceptual model Najam besides discuss some advantages of conceptual models, foremost, the development of a conceptual model demand to supply equal definitions of constructs and measuring ; 2nd, conceptual models facilitate the research worker sort the thoughts, 3rd, it is of import that non merely are the substantial consequences of research understood, but besides that the indispensable constructs by user who utilizing the consequences. Fourth, good development of a conceptual model can heighten communicating between faculty members, who speak different linguistic communications and avoid reader have a inexplicit premise and constructs unconsciously. Last, the conceptual model allows the elucidation of premises, frames of mention. ( NGO Accountability: A conceptual model , Development Policy Review, PP.339-353 ) Meanwhile, Nordstrom ( the writer ) besides discussed fiscal accounting criterions board s ( FASB ) conceptual model, they consider that there are two ways about developing the conceptual model. First, its development facilitates the instruction of those unfamiliar, like some ill-defined academic or hard theory. Second, the description of bing pattern allows the formal statement of general regulations, it means leting the development of new, consistent regulations for new state of affairss, the probe of conceptual model would get down by current pattern so that see a higher degree of abstraction. The other ground for making a conceptual model is to supply prescriptions of future pattern, like how to decide unsettled inquiries. Miller see a good model is utile to steer a standard scene organic structure, the procedure will go efficient, like the users who keep different flied be able to pass on with others, on the same footing of apprehension, Nordstrom gave their thought that develop ing conceptual model is of import. ( The Field Course in Geography: A Conceptual Framework, PP. 267-272 ) In drumhead, the conceptual model was encouraged by a reasonable and clear treatment in a peculiar state of affairs ; it is besides benefits to the organic structure of cognition in the subject. I am naming my sentiments. foremost, conceptual model act as a instructor and be used for pedagogic intent to present a subject is a good beginning, the users is easier to utilize bibliography which flows from the literature reappraisal and doing a farther probe, model like a tool assisting the apprehension of the topic, the development of theoretical account allow the reader to better hold on the information which they want to cognize. For illustration, pupil is easier to understanding the accounting topic ; grasp the chief point of theory cognition by utilizing the conceptual model. A 2nd benefit of developing the conceptual model is that it leads to the designation of insufficiencies in current state of affairs, the usage of a conceptual model allow the reader decide these jobs, it is besides leting for enhance exercising and avoid hazard. The 4th benefit is that the conceptual model promote more argument to take topographic point, the theoretical account development leads to more academic argument, through the argument, the jobs can be solved efficaciously. .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 , .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 .postImageUrl , .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 , .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3:hover , .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3:visited , .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3:active { border:0!important; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3:active , .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3 .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8beced725aed8c5df1297f0e5517f0a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hopi Indians and their pottery1 EssayFor the disadvantages, the conceptual model is non used for individual users ; possibly person thought model is non suited for him. In add-on, in some development states, the fiscal system or community system is non hardy. The fast development of conceptual model is non suited for them. Meanwhile, the conceptual model will take to the fiscal information tend to complexness and many users is hard to use it, ( hypertext transfer protocol: //lam.so/node/226 ) . What the chief jobs about the conceptual model to accounting criterions? Following, I will discourse some job about the conceptual model to accounting criterions. The users are worrying some possible job about the development of a conceptual model. I think there are several points about the jobs. First, accounting criterion should be more consistent and logical, because of the accounting criterion was developed from an older constructs, it should based on the footing of in agreement rules, as the FASB and IASB ( Bullen and Crook, 2005, p.1 ) province to be principles-based. Standards can non be a aggregation of conventions but instead, must be rooted in the cardinal constructs. If the accounting criterion is know aparting in the facet of theory or model will take to a hard definition about the academic cognition. Second, the standard-setters are responsible for their determinations ; the duty must be enhanced, the thought behind specific demands should be more expressed, they besides should give a item account about their thought and let to feedback from the reader. The 3rd is about communicating, the standard-setters should be enhanced reappraisal of users, and the criterions should be more evident, the users will hold a better apprehension of why they are describing. Sometimes, holding a conceptual model possibly relieve some of political force per unit area when accounting criterions are developed, in a sense, model can supply a defences against political onslaught. Decision In this essay, I province the definition of conceptual model of mine, it is used for analyses the advantage or disadvantage to show a preferable attack to a idea or thought, conceptual model is besides a type of intermediate theory to link to all facets of enquiry. Then, give some background information about the history of conceptual model. Finally, I discuss the advantage or disadvantage of developing a conceptual model, present my positions: 1. conceptual model act as a instructor and be used for pedagogic intent to present a subject. 2. The development of theoretical account allows the reader to better hold on the information which they want to cognize. 3. It leads to the designation of insufficiencies in current state of affairs. 4. Promote more argument to take topographic point. After so, I give some suggestions about developing the conceptual model to accounting criterions. 1. Accounting criterion should be more consistent and logical. 2. The standard-setters are responsible for their determinations. 3. The standard-setters should be enhanced reappraisal of users.

Decision Making In Collegial Courts Example

Decision Making In Collegial Courts Example Decision Making In Collegial Courts – Coursework Example COLLEGIAL COURT DECISIONS Factors that affect the decision-making process through collegial contact between judges Some of the factors that may affect the decision making process are the clearness of interpretations of the court proceedings and decisions and leaving the matters in simple forms for clarity. The policies that enacted should be ambiguous in order to enhance the number of the judges sitting on a case; majority opinion in this case is a factor that helps in determination of a case (Klein & Mitchell, 2010). The manner in which a court’s policy is communicated in the process determines the decisions of the judges in the collegial contact. Opinions of the courts are commonly post in the courthouse, university libraries and law school for the people’s enlightenment (Klein & Mitchell, 2010). The posting of the courts decisions does not necessarily guarantee that the people can read them thus some of the factors in the decision making may limit an individual.The e ffects of the collegial process in forming a judge’s personal opinion on an issue In accordance to the law, the judges are motivated in making a fair decision in resolving a dispute that is between the parties involved. The collegial process, thus, affects the judges personal opinion especially when the judges panel makes a ruling, and a judge is given that task to write the opinion of the majority(Hettinger, Lindquist & Martinek,2007). The judges have power and prestige when they make a decision from their ruling especially when they make up the laws and considerations of the effects of the decision to the public for the future affairs conduct. The judge’s opinions are effective if they make the ruling in accordance to laws without favor.ReferencesHettinger, V. A., Lindquist, S. A., & Martinek, W. L. (2007). Judging on a collegial court: Influences on federal appellate decision making. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.Klein, D. E., & Mitchell, G. (2010). The psychology of judicial decision making. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

How to recognize high conflict people and prevent them from ruining your work life

How to recognize high conflict people and prevent them from ruining your work life Is there a high conflict person in your orbit who seems to be intent on making your work life more difficult? Yes, these ultra-high maintenance and difficult people have become so prevalent in all areas of life- from personal to professional and everything in between- that they’ve been given their own nickname: HCPs. If one or several of these folks have found their way into your world, then you know how lousy it can be. But this doesn’t mean that you need to give up or surrender your happiness to a high conflict person. There are things you can do to help prevent HCPs from ruining your life. Psychology Today recently discussed the growing HCP phenomena in a recent article by  Bill Eddy, LCSW, JD: â€Å"HCPs can look and act great when you get to know them, but sooner or later their hostility, mood swings and blaming behavior can be targeted on you- you become their ‘Target of Blame’. They may or may not have  personality  disorders. But they lack in sight and rarely change. Unfortunately, the skills that help us deal with ordinary people rely on reason and  self-control, two areas where HCPs have a great deal of difficulty. We need to use different skills for managing our relationships with them, or avoiding them.†Many of us figure out various methods for individually handling HCPs we encounter in our lives- we take stock of the person, their personality, their strengths and weaknesses, and just naturally get a feel for how to best deal with (or avoid) that person. It’s just a natural part of life- as we go through various career experiences we’ll invariably have opportunities to interact with a wide array of people, some of whom we’ll get along with and others we might not, and it’s in our best interest to figure out how to make the best out of every interaction.True, HCPs can pose special challenges- they can be extremely difficult personalities to figure out how to deal with, especially wh en we encounter them in high-stakes environments such as the workplace, but if you encounter an HCP and may have to interact with one on a regular basis there is a way forward.Eddy has outlined a proven method for dealing with HCPs, which they have termed the CARS method. This method consists of the following four skill areas: â€Å"Connecting with  empathy, attention, and respect;  Analyzing  your options;  Responding  to hostility or misinformation; and  Setting limits  on high-conflict behavior. Such a method is often the opposite of what you feel like doing, but we have found that it works over and over again in calming HCPs, focusing them on their future choices (rather than arguing about the past), matter-of-factly correcting their frequent misinformation and setting limits because HCPs don’t stop themselves.†You may be naturally doing some variation of the CARS method or some of its components when dealing with HCPs in your life. Let’s take a closer look at how Eddy  breaks down each component of the CARS method, for maximum success in any tricky HCP situation.ConnectingThis involves speaking to HCPs using statements that show you understand their issues and empathize with them. When people feel understood and listened to, a connection is established. Don’t make it fake- really try to reach out to get to the root of what is making someone upset: â€Å"Can you explain what’s upsetting you?† or â€Å"Yes, I can see how that is really frustrating.† Make it clear that you’re not talking down to someone, but rather approaching him or her as a peer who wants to listen and help. The goal is to keep the HCP calm so you can work together to accomplish the task at hand.AnalyzingThen, approach your next steps as practically as possible. Don’t let someone else’s bad energy infest your life in such a way that you make rash decisions that won’t benefit your or your career. Sa y someone you work with is, well, impossible. What can you do? You can push through, stay calm, put your head down, and avoid conflict at all costs. But what if that’s not sustainable? You can go to HR about the HCP in your life, you can look for a new job within your company, or you can even look for a job elsewhere. There’s no right answer. You need to weigh all of your options and decide what’s best for you personally and professionally. Just make sure to do so with care and thought- and  not after a particularly heated interaction.RespondingAccording to Eddy, â€Å"HCPs are especially evident in their hostile emails and social media blasts. They also seriously distort information, even though they usually don’t know they are doing that.† While it’s unfair that you have to deal with stressful interactions like these, especially at work, the best way to do so is to take a breath and remain practical and factual in your responses. Politel y point out any falsehoods in a fiery email or conversation, correct them, and move on. Do not give in for an HCP’s desire for drama and conflict. Do your best not to lose your temper or to push back with equally mean or accusatory language. Kindness is key. So is moving on once you’ve stated the facts and have nothing more to say.Setting limitsAccording to Eddy, â€Å"HCPs generally have less self-control, are more impulsive, and are less aware of the impact of their behavior on others. Further, they often don’t care if their behavior bothers or hurts anyone else or even themselves.†Ã‚  The key to setting limits is to lean on the rules and regulations of your workplace or industry. Fight back with issues that are tangible, not emotional. Don’t make your responses personal. An HCP doesn’t care that they’re driving you crazy or that they’re being mean or irrational. So, again, be practical: â€Å"If this report is incorrect our department will look bad in front of the CEO. Let’s find all the errors together,† or â€Å"This conversation is against the HR rules; I suggest we move on to avoid trouble.†Are you plagued by HCPs? If so, it can be challenging, frustrating, and absolutely aggravating- but it doesn’t have to be impossible. Use the strategies and advice provided here to help deal with HCPs in your life.

George Orwell's 1984 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

George Orwell's 1984 - Essay Example The ideology followed by the government is Ingsoc, or English Socialism, and represents what the socialist revolution has evolved into in the English speaking state of Oceania. The single party government is totalitarian and has a carefully constructed structure to perpetuate its rule. This structure is founded on basic principles of restricting freedom of thought, surveillance of population, perpetual war, and obliteration of history and facts. Strictly enforced class difference is also part of the government’s philosophy of a way to stay in power. Restriction on independent thinking is enforced by creating a new language called Newspeak, devoid of any words or phrases even remotely linked to freedom or independent thought. Everyone in the state is expected to learn and adopt Newspeak and the party’s rationale is that, over time, all vocabulary relating to freedom would be removed from the language and, therefore, thought could be controlled. The party believes that since all crimes and negativity originate initially from a thought, people in the state can be controlled by controlling thought itself1. Another dimension of thought control is the concept of Doublethink. Doublethink allows the government to construct realities by introducing lies which could be told blatantly, believing them to be true. This is done by manipulating distortion of belief where contradictory meanings of words and situations are accepted. The government, depending on its needs, could change the context and use alternate meanings to suit itself at any time. Changing these contexts and creating justifications to lies is done through obliterating or changing history itself. Any references in history which are contrary to desired contexts are removed and, as a consequence, a lie is taken as reality. In Orwell’s words, this was â€Å"controlled insanity† through which the government controlled

Comparison between american and japanese army in world war 2 Research Paper

Comparison between american and japanese army in world war 2 - Research Paper Example It is worth noting that in the beginning of the war, with Japan bombing Pearl Harbor, Japan can be considered as having air force capabilities that were considerable in 1941, even as the United States was in a state of trying to accelerate its air force program through a rapid buildup in capabilities. What prompted this hasty buildup was Germanys invasion of Poland two years before the Pearl Harbor invasion, with Hitler signaling its ambition to take on Europe by force. At the time of the Polish invasion the American Air Forces consisted of less than two thousand aircraft and just 26,000 people. The US War Department signaled its own intent to radically beef up its air force capabilities with the establishment of the AAF, or the Army Air Forces, making it equal in stature to the ground forces of the US Army (Craven and Cate; Weinberg; US Air Force; Weider History Group). After 1941, it became clear to the US that the war could not be won without the necessary radical expansion of its air force capabilities, and the manic buildup process resulted in the United States eventually producing the largest air force fleet in the world, eventually overcoming the air forces of the Germans and the Japanese. The capabilities of the US Air Forces at the height of that buildup ran through a wide array of tactical functions and uses, from reconnaissance to bombing to attacking, personnel training, and transporting. At its height, the US Air Forces had an inventory of more than 80,000 aircraft with different capabilities and uses, while its personnel count reached more than 2.4 million people. A sampling of the inventory of aircraft used in the war effort included the B29 Superfortress, the B17 Flying Fortress, the C47 Skytrain, and the P51 Mustang (Coakley; Adams 1994; US Air Force). The final year of the war saw the complete overpowering of the counterpart US air forces of the Japanese, capped by

Reading Response to Ali and Nino Essay Example for Free

Reading Response to Ali and Nino Essay The most evident and reoccurring theme that I noticed in Kurban Said’s, Ali and Nino was the importance of religion and cultural backgrounds. In many different places in the story it is evident that Ali and Nino have been taught some completely different things about the world in general. The first major example that I found is when Ali speaks with his father and Nino’s father about marrying Nino. Although they are both somewhat supportive of the marriage, they both send completely opposite messages. Ali’s father tells him that the love for Nino is not necessary and that if he wants Ali can still marry up to three more wives. Contrary to Ali’s fathers belief, Nino’s father feels very differently. He feels that he must show unconditional love and treat her with the dignity and respect that she deserves. He also feels that he should focus all her energy and love on her rather than having any other wives. If Nino’s father doubts Ali’s for his daughter, maybe that is part of the reason why he tried to postpone the wedding. The second example I found is when Nino tells Ali he absolutely can not have a harem because it is considered a disgraceful tradition of Ali’s background to Nino and her family. Ali agrees that he will not have a Harem and then the question of whether or not Nino will have to wear a veil. After a bit of deliberation between Ali and Nino, they were still unable to reach a conclusion to whether or not Nino would have to wear a veil. Nino does not understand why a women must wear a veil whereas Ali feels that it is very important that the women does so that Nino will be protected from strangers looks. Although Ali and Nino are very much in love there are very many cultural differences and misunderstandings that make this inter religion/faith marriage a bit more complicated. This idea of religious differences and cultural misunderstandings really hits home for me. As a Jewish adult, it has always been very important to me to marry someone of the same faith and belief system. As I have grown up I do believe that the most important thing is being happy and that being accepting of all peoples values and morals is very much important. Out of personal experience, I have two relatives that both decided to marry out of the Jewish faith. Neither of these marriages have worked out very well in regards to my family. The first relative of mine ended up getting divorced and is now going through a custody battle for his children. The other relative is still married to his wife but does not talk to anyone on our side of the family due to many reasons but mostly because she was not willing to support his Jewish identity and background. It is ignorant in my opinion to think that inter faith marriages can never work out, because a lot of them do. But in my experiences with my family they have not. Regardless if people can make them work, it is definitely harder than marrying someone with the same faith as you. With religion comes a system of ideals, morals and beliefs and if someone has those same values as you do, there will be less cultural misunderstandings and cleavages than if you married someone with different values than you. So the whole idea of cultural differences through religion complicating thing relates both very closely to my life in terms of my family and Kurban Said’s Ali and Nino.

The Satirical Writing of Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Essay -- Biography Biograph

The Satirical Writing of Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Considered to be one of America's imaginative, original, and talented contemporary writers, Kurt Vonnegut has treated readers to such wonderful works of literature as Slaughterhouse-five and Breakfast of Champions. Most of his many novels, short stories, and plays criticize various wrongs of society. Vonnegut's work is often humorous and light-hearted, mixing settings of fantasy with everyday situations of life. Deeper themes concerning the welfare of society are clearly evident in his satire. Throughout this long career Vonnegut has used his unique style to effectively portray his outlook of the world. Edith Vonnegut gave girth to her second son, Kurt, Jr.., on November 11, 1922 in Indianapolis, Indiana. She and her husband Kurt had been married nine years at the time os junior's birth. The couple's eldest child Bernard was born in 1914, and a daughter Alice followed three years later. Kurt, Sr. had built a reputation as a qualified architect and was able to support his family fairly well. Kurt, Jr.'s early education came at Orchard Public School NO. 43 in Indianapolis from 1928 to 1936. After grade school he moved on Shortridge High, where he served as a staff member for the Shortridge daily Echo, the school's newspaper. Here we see his early like for writing. Finding himself interested in biochemistry, Vonnegut, Jr. attended Cornell Daily Sun. A year later in 1943 the young Hoosier transferred to the Carnegie Institute of Technology. Studies there were cut short by his enlistment into the army to fight in World War II. Vonnegut fought in the battle of the Bulge as a scout for the 106th US Infantry Division, after which he was taken prisoner by the Germans. H... ...gan reading Slaughterhouse-five I knew I was going to enjoy it. I couldn't put the book down. Its unusual structure and organization made it more intriguing for me. Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. is clearly an accomplished writer. After I read the book, I could see that I would most likely enjoy more of his writing. Through my conducted research I understand how he is influenced by the world around him and what he says in his works. Works Cited http://copper.usc.indiana.edu/~briscott/vonnegut.html "Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr." Discovering Authors, Gale Research, 1993. Harris, Charles B. "Time, Uncertainty, and Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.: A reading of Slaughterhouse- five'," in The Centennial review, Vol. XX, No. 3, 1976. "Harrison Bergeron." Literature and Language, MCDOUGALL LITTELL, CO., 1992. "Adam." Responding to Literature (yellow), MCDOUGALL LITTELL, CO., 1992.

Rewarding System Coca Cola

Rewarding system For the Coca Cola Company it is important to pay well the employees. Furthermore rewarding is also important because it contributes on the employees performances. Coca Cola uses two rewarding system based on: * function * performance Coca Cola rewards its employees through the function reward system. For the blue-collar workers the reward is based according to the length of service. For the white-collar workers, the higher you rise in the hierarchy the more the percentage rises. There is a degree structure created by functions. An external agency makes the job description and weighs it.Then points are given for each function. For example: Function/Category| Points| A| 250| B| 200190180| C| 165152| D| 140| Employees are also reward based on their performance. The two rewarding systems are the Financial and the Relational. On the financial aspects you have the pay and the benefits. On the relational aspect you have learning & development and the work environment. Emplo yees care about financial rewards but nowadays they also want relational rewards. They want to be developed (training & development), recognition and work in a good working environment.The picture below shows an overview of the rewarding system. Financial rewards Coca cola offers fringe benefits such as: * Company car * Pension plan * Disability (when someone is sick & has to stay at home) * Medical insurance (for employees and family) * Share purchase plan * Wellbeing initiatives (discounts on season tickets, cinema tickets,†¦) * Flexible working time * Meal vouchers Benchmarking Coca cola gets its wages to match those of competing companies. The company does Benchmarking. It buys studies of companies. The company makes surveys for wage request to have an idea.It compares with those of large multinationals. Because Coca cola wants to be number 1 the top performance. Some of those multinationals are: Procter & Gamble, Unilver, Danone†¦ Pay rise Employees can get pay rise a fter a feedback discussion about their performances. The pay rise is based on 2 aspects: * Performances (Matrix) * Points (by category) On the table you can see how an employee starts and evolves. At the end if he is performing well he can get pay rise. | | | | Fase| ontwikkelen| vakvolwassene| groeien| | v| v| v| de werknemer begint| martktconform betalen| wn doet meer dan wat er van hem verwacht wordt. -> tijd voor promotie + boven betalen| For the payments Coca Cola uses the Merit Matrix Exempts. The more you go to the right the better the employee is paid. The highest is the Exceeds. The more you go below the lower you get paid. | Developing range| At Market range| High to Market range| Exceeds| Min-Max| Min-Max| Min-Max| Meets & Exceeds| Min-Max| Min-Max| Min-Max| Meets| Min-Max| Min-Max| Min-Max| Meets Some / Developing| Min-Max| Min-Max| Min-Max| Does Not Meet| 0%| 0%| 0%|As I mentioned before each function/category has its points. When you grow in a category you rise with %. The maximum rise (from D) = a little bit more than the minimum above (C). F/C| Points| Benefits| A| 250| Bonus, company car| B| 200190180| Bonus, company car| C| ————————————————- ABOVE ————————————————- MARKT BELOW 165152| Company car| D| 140| commission| The wages differences are mostly based on the employees function. But differences are also based according to the length of service.

In what ways television affects Essay

AIM: I propose to find out what children say about how television affects their play. Socialisation is a very important concept in sociology and the role of the mass media is highly debateable. Many sociologists believe that media effects start by setting out an overall relationship between media and its audience. They are often called models of media effects. I will interview the children these interviews will be unstructured. The children will be interviewed separately. Gender will be a comparison I look at to and whether the gender affects whom the children imitate. CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS: The study of Bandura Ross and Ross uses the term of social learning theory to assert that children copy behaviour another example of this is copycat violence found in Hagell & Newburn’s study. In my research will ask the children whether they say they act violently due to the violent content they may have viewed and whether they have chosen to imitate these programs. Hagell & Newburn’s study compared young offenders viewing behaviour with non-offending teenagers. They found the differences were few between the two groups and what they watched, with hardly any having seen the films that were causing the concern at that time. A few members of either group had an interest in a violent output. The young offenders had less access to different media types. Other factors instead of media could have been causing the differences in their behaviour. The other context being analysed is Bandura Ross Ross who looked at whether children learnt behaviour through observation. This is the idea of the social learning theory. Children were made to watch a violent model be aggressive towards a five-foot ‘bobo’ doll. Later the children were given an aggressive arousal and then taken to another room where they were monitored as to how they reacted towards the ‘bobo’ doll, after seeing a model do this. The different concepts are is copycat violence this is violence that occurs as a result of copying what is seen in the media. Catharsis another theory is the process where tension is relieved, for example violence on screen that provides a safe outlet for people’s violent inclination. The final concept is desensitisation some theorists argue that the constant media diet of violence makes them less sensitive to real human suffering. These concepts tie in with the idea children are passive sociologists believe this, children respond easily to everything. This is the reason for watershed on T. V at 9pm because what comes on television isn’t suitable enough for children and there is a fear that the children will imitate this behaviour. (337) MAIN RESEARCH METHOD AND REASONS: The method I will be using is by interviewing the children by asking them to explain the reason for their behaviour. The questions I will ask the children will be questions not only requiring the answers that I need but there will be a series of distracting questions so the children will not know the aim of the questions being asked. Interviews are an advantage because it is better to gather all the information needed for an interview because you get to understand what the interviewee’s true opinions are. Interviews are flexible and can be used in different ways; also the ethical advantage is consent of the participants the theoretical advantage is that at applies to the law of interpretivists (Action theory). You can use empathy to understand their opinions in depth; these methods generate higher levels of validity of these results. They give a general understanding of the problem, there is less pressure on the interviewee and their answers are more spontaneous. Important concepts are uncovered about the information that will help me conclude whether the children imitate what they watch. When interviewing the children I will be asking them which programs they imitate and this will give me an insight into whether there is a pattern with what they watch. The sample I will be using for the interviews are of children from the ages of five to ten years old, because at this stage of childhood where television will be their main interest and there is a large variety if television for children of these ages also this is the age children are most likely to be influenced by the media. The genders of the children being used are varied so I will be using five boys and five girls. The children all come from the Borough of Newham of East London. It is easier for me if the children are living in the same borough there will be an easier access to these children and it will be easier for me and the children. The sample of the children I will be studying is opportunity sampling as the sample depends on whether the adults agree to their children being in the sample. The consent for whether the child will participate will be the decision of the adults. In Bandura’s study he gave the children an aggressive arousal and in this study will not do this as the aggressive arousal means that the children could have acted violently because of the arousal given and not because they were imitating the models behaviour. (425) POTNETIAL PROBLEMS The interviews of the amount of children I will be looking at can be very time consuming. With this study I need to be aware that the sample isn’t appropriate enough to apply to the whole population because all the children are from the same background and all from a similar ethical background and there may be a pattern in their behaviour. The main practical issue is whether the adults will allow their children to take part in the study. These types of questionnaires are basically a conversation dominates by the interviewer. These unstructured interviews may also go off the initial idea of what is being interviewed. Also with the amount of children I will be looking at and the sample of children I will be looking at there will be a lot of activity so it may be difficult to record all of their behaviour. These interviews are more difficult to analyse, and there are less details provided on the concept being asked. Ethical problems are mental harm to the children if they don’t like the questions being asked of them. Right to withdraw will be an ethical issue also because the children may not feel they have the right to leave and stop asking the questions. The final ethical issue is informed consent, which will be coming from the child and not the parents. The children should be able to make the decision but when a child is involved the parents have the consent. Time consumption is a practical issue through finding time to interview ten children. Being able to get the children to understand the question and also to cooperate may be difficult. Likewise another ethical issue is the children may not understand the debriefing. If they don’t understand the debriefing there will be an issue of this ethical guideline and the parents will also have to also be debriefed too.

Free Essays on American Revolution

Argument on radical or conservative movement The 13 American colonies revolted against their British rulers in 1775. The war began on April 19, when British soldiers fired on the Minutemen of Lexington, Mass. The fighting ended with the surrender of the British at Yorktown on Oct. 19, 1781. In 1783 Great Britain signed a formal treaty recognizing the independence of the colonies. Through the hardships of life in a wild, new land, the American settlers gained strength and a firm belief in the rights and liberties of the individual man. They revolted because England interfered with their trade and industry, demanded unjust taxes, and sent British troops to compel obedience. At first they fought only for their rights. After a year of war they fought for a radical change in American life. Ever since the beginnings of settlement, England and America had been growing apart. In 1774, England was still an aristocracy, ruled by men born and bred to a high station in life. Their society was one of culture and refinement. The common people, deprived of abundant opportunity at home, accepted a position of dependence. They regarded hard work, deference to superiors, and submission to rulers as their way of life. But in America things had taken a different turn. The tone of society was essentially democratic. There were no lords or hereditary offices. The Americans did not like to look up to superiors, nor were their leaders set apart by privileges of birth and inherited wealth. The opportunities of the New World made men enterprising, energetic, and aggressive. Restraints were few, custom counted for little, and rank for less. Between these two societies there could not be much in common. With such opposing viewpoints and extreme change in social and economic structure, America began to yearn for independence and self-rule, and break away from the rule of Imperial Britain. The many taxe... Free Essays on American Revolution Free Essays on American Revolution The American Revolution: A Loyalist’s Perspective Growing up, we are taught that the Revolutionary war was a necessary war with unmistakable objectives and was fervently fought by all Americans in an effort to rise up against the tyranny of British rule. We are taught to view the war as a Revolution, a fight for freedom, liberty and the right to own property, a fight that would, in the end, be beneficial to every American. In reality, the American Revolution was not supported or condoned by all American colonists, as we are sometimes led to believe. Although, there are no accurate numbers of how many American colonists remained â€Å"loyalâ€Å" to the British during the American Revolution, it is indisputable that support for the war was far from universal. John Adams is quoted as saying that a â€Å"full one third were adverse to the Revolution †¦ an opposite one third conceived a hatred of the English †¦ the middle one third †¦ were rather luke-warm.† (Adams, 110) Due to these opposing forces within the colonies, the American â€Å"Revolution† could be more accurately described as a civil war, pitting neighbor against neighbor in a brutal struggle to define the economy and politics of new nation. Even after the war, it took years to settle the old hatreds and to have once again a newly independent nation united. All throughout the late 17th and 18th centuries, people flocked to â€Å"the new world† for a variety of reasons. Some to escape religious persecution, some to flee an oppressive government, but most had hopes of owning their own land and becoming wealthy farmers or merchants. Regardless of the individual reasons for the journey, it was generally accepted that America was â€Å"a land of opportunity†. As relations with Britain were beginning to falter towards the end of the 18th century, largely due to heavy taxation and imposing new governments, the country began to split. Though the Tories and Whigs within America w... Free Essays on American Revolution Argument on radical or conservative movement The 13 American colonies revolted against their British rulers in 1775. The war began on April 19, when British soldiers fired on the Minutemen of Lexington, Mass. The fighting ended with the surrender of the British at Yorktown on Oct. 19, 1781. In 1783 Great Britain signed a formal treaty recognizing the independence of the colonies. Through the hardships of life in a wild, new land, the American settlers gained strength and a firm belief in the rights and liberties of the individual man. They revolted because England interfered with their trade and industry, demanded unjust taxes, and sent British troops to compel obedience. At first they fought only for their rights. After a year of war they fought for a radical change in American life. Ever since the beginnings of settlement, England and America had been growing apart. In 1774, England was still an aristocracy, ruled by men born and bred to a high station in life. Their society was one of culture and refinement. The common people, deprived of abundant opportunity at home, accepted a position of dependence. They regarded hard work, deference to superiors, and submission to rulers as their way of life. But in America things had taken a different turn. The tone of society was essentially democratic. There were no lords or hereditary offices. The Americans did not like to look up to superiors, nor were their leaders set apart by privileges of birth and inherited wealth. The opportunities of the New World made men enterprising, energetic, and aggressive. Restraints were few, custom counted for little, and rank for less. Between these two societies there could not be much in common. With such opposing viewpoints and extreme change in social and economic structure, America began to yearn for independence and self-rule, and break away from the rule of Imperial Britain. The many taxe... Free Essays on American Revolution American History Essay Among the many complex factors that contributed to instigating the American Revolution, two stand out most clearly: England’s imposition of taxation on the colonies and the failure of the British to gain consent of those being governed, along with the military measures England took on the colonists. Adding to these aforementioned factors were the religious and political legacy of the colonies, and the restriction of civil liberties by the British. Parliamentary taxation was undoubtedly one of the greatest factors inspiring the American public to rebel in the years leading up to the American Revolution. One of the most striking examples of this kind of taxation was the Stamp Act of 1765. After many years of fighting, England badly needed revenues from their colonies, and they sought to acquire these revenues from the New World, thereby increasing their influence over the colonial governments. These theories of â€Å"New Imperialism† were what prompted Prime Minister Gren ville to pass the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act of 1765 stated that persons of almost any profession were obliged to buy stamps for their documents. In other words, the act imposed a tax on every printed document in the colonies. For example, a printer had to buy stamps in order to legally be able to distribute his publications. While the act itself was not so detrimental to the economy, it was the ideals behind the act (a direct attempt on the part of the mother country to further itself and raise revenues in the colonies) which drove the revolutionaries’ cause. In October of 1765, the same year the act was passed, the Stamp Act Congress met with delegates from nine colonies and petitioned the King of England, along with the two houses of Parliament. This petition and reaction to the act became the first formal cry for reformation with regard to England’s control over America. In addition to the Stamp Act of 1765, other various taxations aroused ... Free Essays on American Revolution From 1763, Americans had only to be persuaded that an arbitrary ruler-whether Parliament or King-was violating their inherent rights, to feel that rebellion was justified. This conviction was bred in them by the series of events that occurred between 1763 and 1776. The language used to protest the British Acts was legal, and political. But the primary cause of the Revolution is economics. In theory the colonists accepted the principle that natural laws rather than royal decrees should govern the economy. In practice only the southern colonies were bound to England by the tobacco trade. The New England and Middle Colonies, unable to find markets in Britain, found prosperity by trading outside the empire. Any attempt to stop this trade would lead to rebellion and consequentially ensued. The idea of mercantilism where the channeling of all trade through England, was a restriction upon economic prosperity of the New England colony. The dominant cause for revolution within the economic rationale is of economic servitude of colonies to England. The Grenville Ministry passed a number of Acts, but the primary Act of aggravation to the colonists was the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act was protested upon the principle of "no taxation without representation". The Stamp Act was affecting virtually all the colonists, and restricted economic prosperity, thus it was protested by colonists. The Townsend Act was also a factor in the economic theory, Sam Adams had said "The parliament was taxing illegally!", most colonists agreed, and a boycott of British goods resulted. When the British passed the Currency Act, this left the paper money valueless, and the colonists had to depend (economically) on England for Hard Currency. The colonies were economically subordinate to England by the Tea and Coercive Acts. The Tea Act was an Act where the colonist middlemen merchants were being bypassed, and the trading was done by the British. This impaired the ec... Free Essays on American Revolution One of the most important facets of any revolution is violence. This is often a response to the heightened repression or other intolerable demands from the government against its people. The American Revolution is no exception. Following the Seven Years War, England need to recover some of their finances which were lost due to the war. Parliament achieved this by the taxation of the American colonies; the Stamp Act of 1765 is an example of this. This act resulted in outrage from the Colonies and led to rioting, rhetoric, and the formation of the Stamp Act Congress. These actions quickly led to the repel of the Stamp Act; however, there were numerous new taxes levied to take their place. The Americans continued to object strongly to these new measures and formed organized political groups such as the Committee of Corresponding and the Sons of Liberty. These groups not only demanded less severe taxes, but Colonial representation in Parliament. When England denied them representation, t he Colonists decided to fight their colonizer for political freedom. Making the American Revolution the first anti-colonial, democratic revolution in history. With the battle cry of â€Å" No taxation without representation†, Americans went to war and it is from this violent uproar that the United States of America was born. The â€Å"thirteen† colonies which would later become the Unites States of America were originally colonies of Great Britain. By the time that the American Revolution took place, the citizens of these colonies were beginning to grow weary with Britain’s rule. Rebellion and discontent were rampant.. The main reason for their revolt against England was the taxation issue. The reaction against taxation was often violent and the most powerful and articulate groups in population rose against the taxation. Then in October of 1765, colonial representatives met on their own for the first time and decided to mobilize forces against their Mother c...

How to Pronounce Mobile

How to Pronounce Mobile How to Pronounce Mobile How to Pronounce Mobile By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the American pronunciation of the word mobile: When Americans refer to the thing that all of us carry around as our personal digital appendage, they rhyme it with â€Å"bill.† The rest of the world (i.e., where I live) pronounce it to rhyme it with â€Å"bile.† Im not talking about the adjective â€Å"mobile,† but the noun â€Å"mobile,† short for â€Å"mobile phone.† Does this have to do anything with the gas company which sounds the same? The word mobile functions as both an adjective and as a noun: Adjective The  mobile technology  may be a lot different in terms of the Internet platform, but they basically share a common medium: the Web. - Americans pronounce the adjective mobile to rhyme with noble. Noun Sallie bought a darling Winnie-the-Pooh mobile to hang above the babys bed. - Americans pronounce the noun mobile to rhyme with toe-heel (MOH-beel). The city in Alabama is usually pronounced MOH-beel. Sometimes it is pronounced moh-BEEL. The petroleum company spells its name Mobil and pronounces it MOH-bil. Its progenitor, Mobilgas, was founded in the 1920s; Americans were already pronouncing mobile to rhyme with noble. So, when did those wretched Americans start mispronouncing mobile? They didn’t. British speakers shifted their pronunciation of words ending in -ile from a short vowel sound to a long one. OED lexicographer R. W. Burchfield noted, â€Å"The division didn’t become clear-cut until about 1900.† This is how Charles Elster (The Big Book of Beastly Mispronunciations) puts it: throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, both British and American speakers pronounced -ile either with a short i (as in pill) or an obscure/silent i (as in fossil). For example, the English elocutionist John Walker, whose Critical Pronouncing Dictionary (1791) had a profound influence on both sides of the Atlantic well into the 19th century, favored the short i in nearly all -ile words, including juvenile, mercantile, and puerile, citing only chamomile, infantile, and reconcile as long i exceptions. In the 20th century, Americans were less consistent in their customary preference than the British were in their newfound preference, and the long i made some inroads in American speech. In regard to the question that prompted this post, Americans call those â€Å"personal digital appendages† neither MOH-biles nor MOH-bils. We call them cell phones. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of Adjectives"Latter," not "Ladder"Dissatisfied vs. Unsatisfied

Comunication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comunication - Essay Example It is apparent that he uses Ethos very well in criticizing the current government and its proponents, showing all its failures and lack of commitment to serve the interest of the common American people. He does not only attribute this to the government as an institution alone, but also draws a closer relationship of these failures to the Democrat party, which he perceives unfit for the people. This, he does in the following observations that he makes, which he believes had an alternative way out that would have seen the circumstances and occurrences become more favorable. The failure of the government was in the tax burden that was bestowed on the people that was a third of the National income; the nation had a debt amounting to one and half more than the debt of all the countries in the world combined and there were many deaths of the American soldiers in the Vietnam War. He accused the members of the current government, the president inclusive of disrespecting the American people and the Nations constitution, through speeches and utterances that were imbibed with sarcasm. He observed that the government had referred to the American people as the â€Å"Masses† and the constitution as this â€Å"Restrictive document,† only to later refer the people as the â€Å"greater society† (Michael, 3).All this was meant to show that the current government did not uphold the interest of the people at its core principle and only considered them important when they wielded the immense voting power. The disrespect of the country’s constitution was something that was tantamount to abuse of the people’s freedom and liberty that had been hard won by their forefathers in the American war of independence. He cited the inability of the government to control the economy, with an example of its involvement in farm economy, in that the cost of this farm economy program had almost doubled. He accused the opponent of Barry Goldwater, who was from the Democrat

Chapter 8-9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 8-9 - Essay Example Mass media has been extensively impacted on. The modern information technology has seen new media behaviors and operations. Businesses have shifted to technologically-supported advertisement. Advertisers have used technology to conduct their researches and identify how they can deliver adverts that are effective. The development of technology has also provided the advertisers with diverse options to choose from as media stations have increased. As a matter of fact, advertisement has gone through milestones that have revolutionized it completely. It management has significantly changed. The rise of mergers, as well as mega-agencies has been noted over the years. The goal of advertisement also changed from what was perceived to be entertainment to focus on results. Today, businesses seeking for advertising services are more concerned about the increase in sales their promotion will bring. Advertising agencies have also responded to the changes in the economic activities by merging their companies to increase performance. With the growing globalization, several issues have also been noted by the players in advertising industry; questions that have raised serious concerns. The mistranslation of advertisements messages in different language is a critical issue. Consequently, the growing technology has escalated advertising as a corporate industry. Improvements in computer and television graphics are a major reason why advertisement has become commercial as it is. Historically, advertisement has been influenced by the subcultures as well as the wave of social groups; rights campaign. The increasing pressure to represent different cultures and social groups in the media and advertising industry gave it a new face. The media got specialized bowing to the pressure from the feminist movement and anti-racism campaigns. With the increasing of enlightenment on issues relating to media, advertisement

Existentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Existentialism - Essay Example If the tragic hero Oedipus could assert in his conscious pain that "all is well", Camus's concept of 'Sisyphus Happy' must be accurate because, it is true that "there is no fate that cannot be surmounted by scorn" (121). Camus enumerates the passions that define Sisyphus-"his scorn of the gods, his hatred of death and his passion for life." These have gained him the most unspeakable of penalties in which he has to strive with all his heart and might to accomplish nothing. But exerting oneself to accomplish nothing is a classic example of negation, and Sisyphus must have seen that adding the emotion of joy to his labors would be the best way of negating the gods-admittedly, one of his prime interests. Therefore, when Camus says that Sisyphus, the 'proletarian of the gods' is Sisyphus Happy-the statement is irrefutable. For Sisyphus was said to have been the wisest of mortals. Camus reminds us that the fate of modern man in the modern workplace, working every day at the same tasks, is no less absurd than that of Sisyphus. Modern man then lives and works in true absurd fashion, but the birth of the tragic, the opportunity for heroism, the potential for authentic existence only becomes possible in those rare moments when he becomes aware of the absurdity. Sisyphus's strength, as well as his joy, rises out of his consciousness of his condition. Out of consciousness, out of awareness, out of lucidity springs Sisyphus's victory over the rock, over the gods, over the oppression of his situation. The films of Charlie Chaplin depict beautifully the absurdity at the heart of much of human endeavor in 'modern times.' Chaplin shows that the modern absurd hero is the man who is aware of the absurdity of his condition. Such a man can overcome the oppressiveness of his life and work by means of the weapon of scorn. He does not hope to achieve happiness because of his work, or as a consequence of it. However, the weapon of scorn gives him the feeling of joy while engaged in the work. That joy is his way of achieving mastery over the work as well as over any who may have hoped that the work would frustrate his soul. On the other hand, unmixed joy would not be the absurd hero's chosen cup of tea or bowl of vinegar. The emotion of joy cannot be divorced from the experience of pain and sorrow. Sisyphus's descent is therefore, sometimes done in sorrow. Camus believes that the sorrow was in the beginning, when memories of the earth plagued his soul. At times like these, the rock triumphs. But Sisyphus rarely allows himself such lugubriousness or such agonizing. Most of his effort is undertaken, in Camus's vision, in silent joy. This is because Sisyphus knows that "His fate belongs to him. His rock is his thing" (123). It is his rock-not the rock of the gods, not the instrument devised by the gods to punish him-but something that defines him, that expresses the essence of his spirit, his existence, and his supreme scorn for pompous authority. The Last Castle is a movie starring Robert Redford in the role of former general who has been sent to a prison under the control of an officious Chief Warden. The film highlights a penalty inflicted by the Warden on the imprisoned general for a minor offense. The punishment involved the single-handed lifting and transportation of a large heap

Kilbrandon: Punitive approach to justice in Scotland.

Kilbrandon: Punitive approach to justice in Scotland. This essay will critically evaluate the Kilbrandon ethos and will examine the proposed integrative, welfare-orientated approach in the decision making concerning children and their welfare. It will also take into account the recent moves towards a more punitive approach and the response concerning this modification. The Kilbrandon Report was established in 1964 by Lord Kilbrandon. Kilbrandon reviewed the existing juvenile justice system and felt the need to implement a new innovative radical approach to help deal with the existing juvenile delinquency and school truanting in Scotland. By analysing the courts records of child offenders the aforementioned highlighted that the majority of those individuals came from unfortunate backgrounds and may possibly have experienced various situations within their young lives. (Lockyer, A. Stone, F.H. 1998) It is necessary to look at where the child centred approach arose from and what this meant for the criminal justice system as a whole. The 1908 Childrens Act (UK) was known as the first Childrens Charter in Scotland due to the impact it had and the concern it showed for childrens individual rights. As a result of this act the death sentence was abolished for children and imprisonment for children dealt with in a more acceptable manner. The separation of juvenile and adults courts was looked upon as the way forward by means of looking at childrens needs in a more specific manner, thus forming the basis of child protection. The idea behind child protection was to protect them from harm, neglect or cruelty however; this sometimes meant having to remove the child from the family home. Over the next few years there were various areas of progress which led to the evolvement of the Children and Young Persons (S) Act 1937. This act defined a child as being under the age of 14 and the crimina l responsibility age rose from seven years to eight years of age. The criminal age in Scotland has risen to 12 years of age 10 for the rest of the UK. A child aged between 14 and 17 was then known as a young person. The 1937 act saw the separation of children and young people and implemented different ways in dealing with various behaviours or offending. (Hothersall, S. 2005) The post war years saw a number of issues surface and prompted the government to take action in regards to their stance on dealing with the welfare of children and young people within society. In 1961 Lord Kilbrandon proposed to implement a new welfare based system which was produced in 1964 and which was included into legislation by 1968, this approach would take a holistic approach to those matters which caused the greatest concern of that of children and young people within society. The primary aim was to focus on children who were in need of help or care, persistent truants or beyond the control of their parents. His approach would examine how offending issues and how the lack of social education had played a vital role in juvenile offending and deviant behaviour. As a result of this the recommendation by the committee it was put forward which would form the basis of the Social Work Act 1968. Their main aim was to recognise and take responsibility for community welfare; in conjunction with this the childrens hearing system would take societys failures into consideration. (Action for children 2009) Kilbrandon based his approach upon needs not deeds and believed that those children who were brought before the justice system or who were in need of care warranted intervention and the prevention of criminalisation to avoid stigmatisation. His beliefs and principles were child centred and seen to be in the childs best interest. (Mcara, L. 2005) The main principle on which the ethos structure was based upon was by taking into regards any decision made in respects to the childrens welfare as it should be primarily based upon the best interests of the child and their overall needs. The system should not take into account what the child has done, past or present. The change to the system helped to define who was in need of compulsory measures of care regardless of whether they had been abused or had committed offences. (Muncie, J. Goldson, B. 2006) The welfare approach has the option to modify the approach in cases of serious offences. Each remedy is not always going to be the same as it is not possible due to the similar influences and demises in a childs life. The Kilbrandon philosophy unfortunately attracts high expectations and sometimes these expectations can be thwarted. Kilbrandons ethos is based on taking the childs needs into consideration and trying to work with families and agencies to give the child the care and support they need and to try and keep families together as much as possible, sometimes this option is not possible. By using the forward thinking approach in regards to preventative measures it allows the childs needs to be examined. So would introducing a more punitive system be the answer? Do children have to separate from their families to be rehabilitated and cared for? Helping with educational and behavioural problems would certainly be a challenge but would definitely help to build confidences and aid the principle of rehabilitation. Early intervention strategies could certainly prove useful in the prevention of further offending. (As cited in Croall, H. et al 2010) By introducing the new innovative system Scotland was fast becoming a country with a unique childrens hearing system in place. The childrens hearing system was put together from three carefully selected volunteer lay members and trained volunteers from all walks of life and with varying life experiences from the local community. (SCRA) The system furthermore involved the guidance of a trained individual, the Reporter who was required to give advice on procedures and legal issues concerning the hearing and oversee the overall hearing process. An important aspect when considering what decision has to be made comes from the understanding and the investigation of contributing factors leading to the childs or families problems. The panel has to consider each aspect just as important as the next and by listening to the viewpoints of others involved can help make the decision process marginally easier. As the members of the lay party are from the local community it allows their input on the decision to be taken into consideration in conjunction with the involvement of detached professionals, the childs family and the childs own rights. (SCRA) Although, Scotland has long been admired for its approach towards youth offending by working in conjunction with multi-agencies on a child centred approach its unique child welfare approach has at no time had its system reviewed. (Action for children, 2004). Times have changed and so has the challenges that children and young people face within society. Society has also seen a change in family circumstances which include divorce, single parent families, and alcohol and drug abuse problems. There are also the underlying factors to consider which may include child abuse, neglect, delinquency, truancy and poverty. As a consequence of this questions are arising as to whether the system Scotland has in place to deal with young offenders is still viable. In 2002 NCH Scotland carried out its own inquiry into Scotlands hearing system and the results were made available in 2004 for evaluation. The inquiry did however highlight the fact that the system itself was solid nevertheless; there were a number of recommendations put forward to help with certain weaknesses within the system. (Action for children, 2004). According to SACRO the childrens hearing system is not failing but they suggest however, due to the lack of resources available this is having an adverse effect on the effectiveness of the overall system. SACRO also believe that there should be a single system in place to take on a holistic overview of the issues involved instead on focusing primarily on a welfarist approach. By introducing a more effective element of restorative justice this may well assist in allowing the youth justice system to achieve this aspect of concern. (SACRO ) The perceived strengths of the Kilbrandon report includes various aspects which most individuals today would consider as expected however, there are those who may feel that the system is too soft and could be more punitive. The strengths of the report include: needs and deeds, a holistic approach, child centred and welfare focused, an informal hearing system, protection of children and young people, multi-agency working including the family where possible and dealing with care and protection issues of the children and young people. (Phillips, S. 2008) However, the report does highlight various weaknesses which include: the lack of resources available, the families lack of knowledge in relation to the system and the lack of the panels understanding of the families. Poorly trained panel members, some families not being included in the decision making, lack of social workers and also the formality of the system can be intimidating for the children and young people involved. One major concern is the fact that the system does not work successfully when it is dealing with school related issues including truanting and school refusal. An important issue that has an impact on the justice system is the financial backing as this has been said to have an adverse effect on the youth justice system. (Muncie, J. 2004) So what exactly is Justice? Justice is regarded as what has the best consequences. Created by the public and authorities it is enforceable rules and legislations, it is there to protect society by showing what is fair and what is wrong and the latter resulting in punishment. Justice itself is there to be enforced upon when groups or individuals need it to be. However, Justice for children can be looked upon as providing the opportunity of equality to help the child or young person improve their prospects in prospective safe and caring surroundings. (Goldson, B. 2008) An important issue that has become apparent over the years is the large increase of referrals in relation to care and protection cases compared to that of offending within the childrens hearing system. The NCH enquiry 2002 highlighted the need for the mainstream and preventative services to improve efficiencies and address the number of cases being sent to the childrens hearing system. (Action for children, 2004) When examining the alternative systems of dealing with young offenders in Scotland the NCH 2002 enquiry compared Scotlands system to that of England and Wales. Both of these countries are seen to have a more punitive approach when dealing with youth justice. The results indicated a higher number of young offenders detained within prison establishments, and a higher number of deterrents and confinement orders in place in relation to working towards rehabilitation in comparison with Scotland. The figures gathered indicated an overall increase of 800% of twelve to fourteen years over a ten year period due to the increase of sentences and imposition prison placed on these young people in England and Wales. However, the adverse effect of these figures is the fact that many of these young people may find themselves segregated from others, bullied or may be more likely to self-harm. The NCH looked at these figures not as a success towards offending behaviour as the recidivism rate in England and Wales was between 72/90%, but alternatively as unsuitable and an ineffective form of punitive punishment for children and young people. They believe that the more a child is punished by the justice system the more likely the chance of the child becoming further involved within the justice system itself and only adding to the likely hood of reoffending in the future. (Action for children, 2004) Implementing a more punitive approach within Scotlands youth justice system would also prove to be costly as the figures indicated that in 2002 England and Wales spent in the region of  £207 million on custodial sentences compared to that of their community based community rehabilitation programmes which cost  £76 million. The cost itself made the copying of their punitive approach an undesirable option for Scotland. (Action for children, 2004) The NCHs report in 2002 recommended that the Childrens hearing system continue to reach its full potential and by continuing to use its holistic and understanding approach when dealing with children and young people it would no doubt be more effective than introducing a more punitive approach. (Action for children, 2004) What has become clearer over the years is the matter of dealing with young people aged between 16 and 17 years of age. In 2004 Scotland introduced two pilot youth courts one in Hamilton and one in Airdrie. Their main aim was to tackle youth crime in a more effective and severe manner. The objectives included social inclusion, reduction of the offending frequency of 16 and 17 year olds and the seriousness of their crimes. A fast track procedure was put in place for those individuals appearing before the youth court. By testing the existing legislation the courts would be able to demonstrate their effectiveness and whether deemed appropriate when dealing with young offenders. Overall the prospect of youth courts looked at enhancing safety within the community and dealing with those involved in persistent offending within high crime areas. (The Scottish Government, 2006) An evaluation between June 2003 and December 2004 of Hamilton youth court recorded a total of 611 cases 402 of those cases involved young people. Airdrie youth court was evaluated between June 2004 and December 2005 and a total of 543 cases were recorded of which 341 involved young people. Those involved were aged between 16 and 17 years of age and were primarily male who were prosecuted on single occasions. (The Scottish Government, 2006) Most of those who appeared before the youth courts had low attainment levels and many admitted to drink or drug misuse. Cases brought before the youth courts included assault, possession of drugs, carrying of offensive weapons or most commonly breach of the peace. Most of the young people who appeared before the youth court were granted bail or ordained to appear before the court. Sentencing of young people included the use of electronic monitoring (tagging) as a condition of their bail release or they may have incurred a police monitored curfew. (The Scottish Government, 2006) The overall analysis of the youth court pilot scheme in Airdrie indicated that the use of community based social work disposals dropped and the execution of prison sentences rose. However, in Hamilton there was not a noticeable difference in the use of disposals highlighting the fact that community service and detention issues were better served within the youth court rather than the Sherriff court. Through the introduction of these youth courts they have proved a success when dealing with young people and they are receiving a wider range of resources and services. Nevertheless, the report has suggested that there is a need for further clarity to determine who exactly the youth courts are for. (The Scottish Government, 2006) According to Barnett 1977 the main objective in dealing with offenders should not be to punish, not even to re-educate but to repair or to compensate for the harm caused by the offence (as cited in Lockyer, A Stone, F.H 1998, p248) Believers in restorative justice consider this type of scheme useful when dealing with young offenders. By focusing on the damage the crime has caused an individual or a community it could work towards resolving and restoring the damage caused. The main aim of restorative justice is to primarily concentrate on the victim and not the offender although measures will be incorporated to aid the integration the offender back into the community. However, merging the Kilbrandon philosophy and restorative justice measures for some may raise concerns. (Lockyer, A Stone, F.H 1998) The Kilbrandon Ethos is humane and provides a caring and understanding system for those children and young people involved in it. The fact that the system helps to support the child and rehabilitate when necessary enforces the child centred approach and by comparing the system to that of the one in England and Wales can only highlight the differences in relation to recidivism. The system needs to have the funding in place to help improve the service it offers at present. By providing the family with a proper understanding of the hearing system would allow the involvement with decision making. Overall the Kilbrandon approach deems to be more effective than imposing punitive measures. By further educating and improving communication within the various agencies would help improve the decisions made and the number of cases put before the system. What also has to be addressed is the vulnerable age group of those aged 16 and 17 years. They are not seen as children or adults and so the syst em needs to take into consideration the needs of this age group and deal with the young people in an effective and efficient manner.