My Struggle Essays - Roman Catholic Devotions, Scout Promise

My Struggle Since I was youthful, there have consistently been a battle between my folks and I. This circumstance started when my dad died when I was three years of age. I have lived with my mom and Step-father from that point forward. In spite of the fact that I love them both, we don't generally appear to agree on numerous issues. The reason for this is in part because of my wild nature. I like to remain out late and do things that whenever got could get me in a difficult situation. I am under the feeling that they hate my relationship with my grandma. I like to remain regularly with my grandma as opposed to at home, which they don't comprehend. I have remained with my grandma consistently since my dad got debilitated with malignancy, in 1982. After my dad died in 1983, I kept on visiting her. My mom and stepfather both regard my dad's mom a lot, and would do anything for her. In any case, they neglect to perceive any reason why I need to invest such a great amount of energy with her. My grandma is an enormous impact in my life. She has, and still does, to such an extent for me. Babysitter has consistently had a major heart for her family, yet nobody is as close to her as myself. Since I was two years of age, my grandma and I have gone out what's more, done numerous things together. We have had numerous incredible recollections together which I will recall for a mind-blowing remainder. We have gone out to eat, viewed numerous ball games togather, bone bowling, amd numerous different things. On the off chance that my folks could just acknowledge how unequivocally I feel about her and the time I go through with my her. I wish they could be somewhat more obliging of my sentiments and not put me in the position that they frequently do. The connection between my grandma furthermore, I has been tried ordinarily. As I was getting more established, my folks would attempt to discover things that would shield me from visiting her during the. They would discover things, for example, cutting the garden, washing vehicles, and doing house tasks. These thing they realize I loathe doing, however they appeared to need them done at any rate. However they wouldn't fret when I invest some energy with my grandma, they feel that I ought to invest more energy with them. My senior year in secondary school was the time that they truly were getting to me. Babysitter broke her arm one day when she fell down in the kitchen. From that point forward I have moved in with her. They felt that this was a terrible choice. I do cherish my folks truly, however I felt that it was the best thing at that point. As of this day I don't lament the choices that I have made concerning investing energy with my grandma. I love and regard my folks, still yet wish that they would not place me in the places that they do. Since I started going to school, my folks have been somewhat more sensible about the whole circumstance. This doesn't imply that they don't even now give me trouble. I simply trust that when I get done with school they will see how I feel, and not stress me over as much as they do.

Twins free essay sample

â€Å"Wait, both of you are twins?† I for the most part answer with a speedy â€Å"yes,† thinking about whether it’s extremely such a hard plan to get a handle on. There used to be when everybody knew who the twins were. The organized outfits parted with us. At that point it appeared just as everybody alluded to us as â€Å"the twins.† It wasn’t simple continually being contrasted with one another. I have long light hair and blue eyes, while Chris is my total inverse, with dim hair and earthy colored eyes. I jabber and Chris for the most part minds his own business. The day we entered middle school was the opportunity we had been hanging tight for †scarcely any individuals realized we were twins. A few educators didn’t even acknowledge until Open House. A large number of the instructors told our mother, â€Å"They act like they scarcely know each other.† Chris and I started to create various interests. I end up being an outgoing person who adored being around individuals; Chris had a little gathering of companions with whom he cheerfully associated. We will compose a custom article test on Twins or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I fixated on creator names (I’m happy that stage is finished). Chris would not wear whatever even indicated where it was from; any tag or name must be evacuated. In spite of the fact that we cooperated on some schoolwork, Chris exceeded expectations in expressions of the human experience while I performed much better before a course book. Numerous individuals lose their distinction being a twin. In any case, I feel that it has helped me find myself. It has inspired me to be my own individual and build up my own leisure activities and interests since I need others to consider us to appear as something else, remarkable individuals. Now and then, I overlook that my sibling is really my twin †until it’s time to victory our birthday candles or we run into somebody at the store who shouts, â€Å"Oh my gosh, are these the twins?† It’s clear that we are going to take altogether different bearings in our lives. Chris flies on a whim, while I like to be composed. Eleanor Roosevelt stated, â€Å"Remember consistently that you not just reserve the privilege to be an individual, you have a commitment to be one.† Individuality is one of the most significant rules that one ought to endeavor to accomplish. Encircled by materialistic things, the normal individual is enticed to look like every other person, have similar interests, and act in a similar way. I feel lucky to have discovered my uniqueness right off the bat throughout everyday life.

ICIC

ICIC With two weeks left until Bike and Build (donate donate donate!) I decided it was time to bring my casual bike ride form of training to the next level by joining the MIT Cycling Club for one of the Best Ideas Ever Intercollegiate Ice Cream (ICIC) Rides. Basically, some kids with bikes from Harvard and MIT meet up on Thursdays for a nice bike ride to a new ice cream place around Boston. Did you HEAR that?! Ice cream, biking AND inter-collegiate-ness. If thats not the best idea ever, I dont know what is. Its meant to be an easy, social ride, which was good for me because it was my first time riding in a group, and Im still a pretty novice cycler. About halfway through, I was kind of tired and really looking forward to that ice cream. A bit afterwards, I began to realize we had gone pretty far and had passed several perfectly respectable-looking ice cream shops already. Hmmm Several miles later, I began to wonder if there really *was* any ice cream, or if this was some cruel joke by the MIT and Harvard Cycling clubs. Then there was this huge hill oh man, it lasted forever! I just had to keep going higher and higher and higher. I must have been going half a mile an hour to get up it. Ive never biked up a hill like that. Halfway through, I was thoroughly convinced there was no ice cream and wondered what I had gotten myself into, but I kept going because I really had no choice I had no idea where I was. I finally reached the top and- man, that felt good. The small part of my soul that hadnt lost hope about the ice cream half-expected the ice cream to be at the top of this mountain, because, well, we surely wouldnt keep *going* would we? But we did. Luckily and quite literally it was all downhill from there. We passed one of those machines that tell you your speed on the road about halfway down, and whizzing by, I clocked a speed of 24mph. Going that fast was a such a great feeling Im really excited about this summer! Not long after and much to my surprise, we actually did end up at an ice cream place- The Chilly Cow- and I had one of the most deliciously rewarding smoothies ever. The ride back was surprisingly only five miles (for a total of 18 miles). We didnt have to go up the Hill of Death again, but if we had, I think I would have been okay. I hope you are all enjoying your summer days as much as I am, and if youre not, go biking and get some sun and ice cream. =)

Marriage and Family Counseling - 1777 Words

In todays world more and more people are experiencing life struggles when it comes to family. These issues can range from problems in a marriage, how to deal with your children issues and understand yourself and how to deal with your family and certain issues. The area of marriage and family counseling/therapy has had an out break over the past decade. The counselors are expected to work effectively with families experiencing a variety of issues and problems. In marriage and family therapy/counseling there are so many different types of techniques that are out there but should be used and looked upon not a cure, but a method to help mobilize the family. Choosing this model wasnt hard for me because of the love I have my family†¦show more content†¦I enjoyed on the one of the episodes of the Cosbys they all did role playing. Everyones name was put in a hat and each member pulls a name and the name that they pull they would act like this person. I believe this is effec tive because many times people act a certain way but until they see it or told about this behavior they unconscious that they act like that. Given couples and families a questionnaire based upon what they believe is the problem and how they feel the problem should be handled and compare each members. There are various techniques which are used in marriage and family therapy. The humanistic therapy is used in marriage counseling to help couples communicate their feelings better with each other. Through this therapy, exercises are used in the sessions which help couples learn the effects of communication and emotional honesty. This type of therapy is client-centered and widely used in marriage therapy, (Gale Encyclopedia, 2009). Family contracts are therapy tool used to treat the family as whole and become part of the solution. Effective family therapy treats the family as a whole and acknowledges that what affects one member affects the whole family, (Long, 2009When it comes to mar riage and family therapy there are so many problems that can be addressed. Marriage is really misunderstand, so I think that each party should address what is expected from each other and decided these things are realistic and the other one is capable ofShow MoreRelatedMarriage and Family Counseling823 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage and family counselors are counselors distinctively trained to work with family systems and provide therapy for people who wish to solve emotional conflicts. Their goal, with therapy, is to revise peoples perceptions and behavior, expand communication, and prevent individual and family crises. Although marriage and family counseling has a broad history, formal recognition of the professional counseling specialization can be traced to the establishment in 1989 of the International AssociationRead MoreFamily Systems Theory And Its Impact On The Practices Of Marriage And Family Counseling2975 Words   |  12 PagesBowen Family Systems Theory and its impa ct on the practices of Marriage and Family Counseling. Dr. Murray Bowen is credited with being one of the founders of family systems theory. This paper will discuss the eight concepts which Bowen deemed causes anxiety within the family system. Also, the goals and practices which have been utilized by professionals within the psychology field relation to the Bowen Family Systems Theory. Analysis provides that anxiety is passed along through the family systemRead MoreProfessional Preparation And Credentials : Marriage, Couple, And Family Counseling Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pages Professional Preparation and Credentials: Marriage, Couple and Family Counseling Nataly Gomez Walden University Abstract Professional counselors with the expertise in marriage, couple, and family counseling have certain standards to go by in order to become a licensure counselor. The CACREP is both a process and a status, it is a guide with specific standards to help with the preparation of becoming a licensure counselor. In order to become a counselor, there are certainRead MoreMeasuring Counselors For An Organization That Provides Marriage And Family Counseling1337 Words   |  6 Pagessetting up an assessment center to measure the competencies of current or potential counselors for an organization that provides marriage and family counseling for a population that consists primarily of immigrants and people with low-incomes. What types of assessments might you use? What competencies would you be looking for? An agency that provides marriage and family counseling will need all counselors to participate in assessments to help measure their competencies. The assessments will focus on knowledgeRead MoreThe Divorce : An Addiction Specialist1414 Words   |  6 Pagesskyrocketing as the years go on. Most marriages don’t even think about seeking help to improve their marriage and they wait too long to even consider help. Marriage is something that people do when they are committed to each other and want to be happy and in love. Many things change this along the way throughout the marriage and solutions to these marital problems are available. Many people think that their solutions are going to work, but they haven’t tried marriage counseling, its easily one of the mostRead MoreRelationship Between Family And Family789 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Many would agree that the dynamics of the family structure have changed drastically. Families are faced with many challenges, often times outside intervention is necessary in coping with the plethora of issues families face. We are living in a time of increased racial tensions, stress, bullying, domestic violence, mental illness, same-sex marriage, drug abuse, increased divorce rates, blended families, and cohabitation. The use of Marriage and family therapists appears to be increasing. AccordingRead MoreDivorce Is A Problem Of Being Proven Essential For Healthy Marriages968 Words   |  4 Pagescannot count on one hand families I know who have never been affected by divorce. Divorce is growing more and more common throughout the world today. It is a problem in need of a solution. Divorce will never be completely eliminated, but it can’t hurt to give it a shot, right? I thought to myself the other day about who all I know who has never been divorced, and all I came up with was my very own parents. Later on I asked them why, and turns out prior to their marriage, they had gone through somewhatRead MoreHow Divorce Is Affected Much More Significantly Than Those From Two Parent Families987 Words   |  4 PagesI am writing you because of a serious problem I see in our society. This problem has gotten out of hand with close to fifty percent of all marriages ending in divorce and it is affecting every aspect of our culture including churches such as your own. It is often seen as an easy choice with few consequences when in reality it is having devastating effects. Divorce is the problem of which I speak. Not only is it directly affecting those involved by wreaking havoc on their lives but it is also tearingRead MoreThe Backbone Of The Health Care System1427 Words   |  6 Pagesof California. 2. Antioch University Counseling Center http://www.antiochla.edu/campus-life/au-counseling-center/ The Antioch University Counseling Center is run by Antioch University Los Angeles. The Antioch University Counseling Center is staffed by authorized Marriage and Family (MFT) therapists and clinicians. AUCC offers counseling services to the communities of West Los Angeles, Venice, Marina del Rey, and Culver City. The Antioch University Counseling Center gives psychotherapy administrationsRead MoreA Research Study On Open Communication1678 Words   |  7 Pageshelp married couples steer their differences and resolve their conflicts more positively. When it comes to conducting research involving married couples and family research there are regulations and ethical standards that need to be monitored. Margolin, Chien, Duman, Fauchier, Gordis, Oliver Vickerman, (2005) expounds that Couple and family research presents unique challenges in terms of interpretation and application of ethical principles to psychosocial research. As with all psychosocial research

Examples Of Persuasive Speech On Adoption - 882 Words

Some of us are where we want to be at in life, and then there’s some of us who aren’t quite there yet. Imagine meeting that special someone, fall in love, and get married. Now you and your spouse decide that your ready to start a family. After multiple times of trying and help with many medications prescribed by your doctor or specialist there is still no children. You become discouraged and start to feel like your marriage is being strained because of stress and pressure to get pregnant. A few years pass but your constantly reminded of your infertility when you see friends and family with their children. And then a good friend suggested that you and your spouse should look into adoption. Now at this point there some of you that would†¦show more content†¦In conclusion, â€Å"adoption can change the life of a child in need,† (kyleinicucci.weebly.com). Adoption is an better alternative to getting an abortion. Adoption let’s everyone,such as, single parents or same sex couples have the opportunity to start a family because of infertility or just because they have an caring heart. According to the off and running article, â€Å"in 2001, there were 1.5 million adopted in the united states, representing 2.5 percent of all U.S. children. I feel like the U.S. should either form a â€Å"one child policy† just like china has if so many children are born just to go into the system. The advantages of adopting is simply rescuing a child from a bad situation and providing them love, shelter, and a better life. Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive even after one year of trying. Men and Woman can be infertile. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention â€Å"about 12% of women 15–44 years of age in the United States have difficulty getting pregnant or carrying a pregnancy to term, regardless of marital status (impaired fecundity).† Also according to Resolve, The National Infertility Association â€Å"1 in 8 couples (or 12% of married women) have trouble getting pregnant or sustaining a pregnancy. In order to solve the problem of the abandoned children, children are adopted by various couples, who can not have their own children or who simply want to help the abandoned childrenShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis of Ciceros Defense of Marcus Caelius Rufus 1744 Words   |  7 Pages Cicero believed that a good orator must do three things in his speech: earn the favor of the audience, provide persuasive arguments, and move the audience with emotional appeals. In his defense of Marcus Caelius Rufus one finds an excellent example of Cicero’s work and through close examination can glean some additional information about what Cicero felt was needed in a good speech. With such scrutiny it becomes readily apparent that each of the three objectives need not be attained equally. BecauseRead MoreSteve Jobs Stanford Commencement Speech Analysis1394 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Jobs’ Stanford Commencement Speech: Speak from the Heart A- Speaker and Subject Identification. When technology, innovative and new products subjects is brought up, a few names come to mind. Between these names is that of Steve Jobs, the founder of Pixar Animation, NeXT, and Apple, Steve Jobs, was widely known for changing the world of personal computers and electronic fields. His determination led to significant developments that have affected the lives of everyone of us. There is no denyingRead MoreEssay on Our Language Changes Through Time and Events1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this study is to observe that variation of the language depends not only on the social and geographic origin but as well as it changes in according to the action which is going on by someone. For example addressing to students, writing lectures, delivering religious speech. Chapter Two 2.1 Definition of Register Thomas Bertram Reid was the first who used the term register for the first time in 1956. M.A.K Halliday saysRead MoreMajor Persuasive Speech1178 Words   |  5 PagesTable Number 8 Major Persuasive Speech Luis Salamanca October 30, 2010 Topic Cars Title To Drive or Not to Drive General Purpose To persuade Specific Purpose To explain to my audience the problem of cars that give off too much carbon emissions, and to persuade them to start using more eco-friendly methods of transportation. Organizational Pattern Problem-solution Sub-Goal for Persuasion Adoption Action Step I want the audience to start using eco-friendly transportationRead MoreRhetoric Theories And Their Impact On The Pre Modern Discourse2863 Words   |  12 Pagescivil practice and formal study. Rhetoric provides heuristics for developing, discovering and understanding arguments for particular situations. The five canons of rhetoric which were first coded in classical Rome help a speaker to design a persuasive speech. The five canons of rhetoric are delivery, memory, style, arrangement and invention (Blake, 2009). Alongside dialectic and grammar, rhetoric is one of the ancient arts of discourse. Rhetorical theories can be traced back to the Roman and GreeceRead MoreRhetoric And Rhetoric2851 Words   |  12 Pagescivil practice and formal study. Rhetoric provides heuristics for developing, discovering and understanding arguments for particular situations. The five canons of rhetoric which were first coded in classical Rome help a speaker to design a persuasive speech. The five canons of rhetoric are delivery, memory, style, arrangement and invention (Blake, 2009). Alongside dialectic and grammar, rhetoric is one of the ancient arts of discourse. Rhetorical theories can be traced back to the Roman and GreeceRead MoreCommunications 101 Notes3279 Words   |  14 Pages and are what we agree to be the best for society. Responsibilities: †¢ Speak about important issues †¢ Promote positive ethical values †¢ Speak to benefit your listeners †¢ Use truthful support and valid reasoning †¢ Consider the consequences of your speech. Make sure you’re ready to accept them †¢ Strive to improve your speaking skills Ethical Listening Responsibilities: †¢ Seek exposure to well-informed speakers †¢ Avoid prejudging speakers and ideas †¢ Evaluate the logic and credibility †¢ Beware of theRead MoreThe Summer Of 1787 : The Men Who Invented The Constitution1517 Words   |  7 Pagesconflicting ideas about what the final Constit ution should look like, the Convention became a long, grueling process for the delegates. Many proposals were voted on, reviewed by committees, forgotten about, and reintroduced only to be voted on again. Persuasive speeches were lengthy, and tempers flared as agonizing debates lasted hours. As the months passed by, many were worried that the Convention would yield no final product, as â€Å"delegates spoke openly of throwing in the towel and quitting the ConventionRead MoreMerger of the FASB and IASB2566 Words   |  11 Pagesgenerally understood to mean that compliance with U.S. GAAP would also result in compliance with IFRS. That is, the standards would be aligned though not identical† (Pacter). To this end, the boards agreed on a strategy that would accommodate the adoption of standards favorable to international reporting. The preferred standard of one board will be adopted by the other board, and in the event that neither boards’ standard is proven ideal, a new standard will be created to fill the void. Despite updatesRead MoreHarry Arthur Is An Argument Of Globalization1760 Words   |  8 PagesSara Aminaei Essay no.1 Q1. Harry Arthurs has argued that Globalization renders dysfunctional any system based on national policies, laws, and institutions. Explain whether or not you find his argument persuasive and support of your argument with reference to the substantive regulatory areas examined in the course. The political climate in the western hemisphere has altered the judicial system in Canada in numerous ways. Since the post-war era we have seen a push for globalization and neoliberalism

Race and Your Community Free Essays

string(96) " treat people who are like you\? † In giving my answer I have to say with the upmost respect\." I live in Charlotte North Carolina; I just purchased a home in a community called Ballantyne. This community is on what we consider the south side of Charlotte. In February of this year, members of my community were told that there was going to be a public housing development built on a seven acre lot that has been vacant for many years. We will write a custom essay sample on Race and Your Community or any similar topic only for you Order Now An emergency community meeting was called; several of my neighbors packed the room, all wanting information about what and where Charlotte’s next public housing development could be built. Many were concerned, especially those living close to the lot that is said to be the land used for the housing development. If Charlotte’s Housing Authority and a local developer are successful in getting their way the development will provide housing for 100 people who fall below Charlotte’s average income. This idea caused more chaos in an evening meeting that I’ve experienced in a life time. Based on the information that I gathered before my departure, the primary concern was because the development would be built within feet of the Ballantyne Country Club. Is it me or is the influence of race stronger for the population that’s greater because of numbers on this side of town? After this meeting I began to notice the difference in me and them. Even had a mother approach me in the grocery store in attempt to apologize for some of my neighbor’s behavior. I simply expressed my appreciation for her concern and carried on with what I was doing before her approach. When asked the question do the members of my community look like me, I immediately want to respond by saying why yes they do; we all have one head, two arms, two hands, two legs and two feet. However, I am beginning to look a little closer at myself and the difference between me and my neighbors. When I am looked at by many, it can be a little confusing; I have the hair of an American Indian, the eyes, which have sometimes been referred to as those of an Asian, the lips, ears and nose of a Caucasian, and the breast, hips, thighs and legs of an African American. My skin, well it’s a mixture of all the fore mentioned, my grandmother use to say my complexion was olive, now that’s one of few things that I begged to differ with her on, because I’m everything but, a shade of green. So now you’re probably wondering, â€Å"What am I? † I will tell you what I am not, and that is confused. On many occasions, I have always been one who selected other when it came to completing this section of an application; not because I was or am trying to be difficult, it’s just that there are no slots for an Asian, African, Caucasian, Indian girl to pick from, so I write it all out. Now, do my neighbors look like me? The answer is No, there are only a very few who look like me, and more than likely, those that do, we are related in some form or fashion. However, my community is one that is diverse; we have individuals from all walks of life, and from all over the world. There is a great mixture of race and cultures in my neighborhood. Some time ago the neighborhood that I live in was made up predominantly of white Americans. As time has progressed and America has made drastic changes in cultural acceptance our community has become one that is diverse. The leaders in my community treat people like me, and others with a great deal of respect. I have never experienced a problem personally or know of any other neighbors who have mentioned any problems with community leaders. The indifferences that I witnessed were those of others in the area when the mentioning of a low-income housing development was discussed amongst many, to the point where a meeting was called and the topic was discussed openly with all the residents of this area. Although many had previously been accused of making negative comments about the development, when the formal meeting was called, those with the problems were respectful of the officiators of the meeting, as they are residents in our community too. With this being said, the community leaders do not treat any of the people of my community different, they show us all the same amount of respect. They make me feel welcomed whenever I participate in any events, and on many occasions, they’ve made me feel needed when it comes to our children at the community center. When I mentioned to my neighbor, the assignment that I had to write about, she and I came inside and answered many of these questions together. Ann, is white and has been a member of this neighborhood since its creation, in fact, the neighborhood was named after her grandfather and his brothers. She has mentioned to me that she remembers when the neighborhood was all white, no others races or cultures for miles. She states that she enjoys the neighborhood now because she is able to experience more with the variety of people here. She has even mentioned that she feels safer here now than ever before, not that the area has ever had a major problem with crime, or any other problems, but she states that she knows that if anything goes on or wrong that we are less likely to feel like it was a crime against our neighborhood because of color, creed or culture. When I asked Ann how did she feel about our community leaders, she sniggled, and said; â€Å"Guess one of them does make me feel some kind of way, I’ve been married to him for 22 years! † My dear friend Ann has helped me with the answer to the question, â€Å"How do leaders of your community treat people who are like you? † In giving my answer I have to say with the upmost respect. You read "Race and Your Community" in category "Essay examples" They make me more than proud to be a part of this beautiful community. Other members of my community have never shown me any reason that I should be concerned with them or how well they treat others that may live outside of our community. However, as mentioned several times throughout this paper, the meeting about the housing development for low income families caused concern. They argued that they didn’t want this development in our area as it would decrease property value, because multi-family dwellings are in designated areas and not near the country club or golf course. They also mentioned that this would cause overcrowding in the public schools; which is certainly not an issue, as many of the children in this area attend private schools. They mentioned that there were not enough sidewalks and public transportation is limited. When I mentioned that this project would indeed cause a change in our community, but it would be good to have people of all income levels in the area, all other sides of town have these housing projects, so it’s only fair that the south side of Charlotte begin to pull a little weight. This was not liked nor accepted by a few, there were even some hecklers that mentioned that I allow them to live in my backyard. For the first time, in my history of living in this area, I experienced what some may consider racism or stereotyping. Although, it was not directed towards me, I still felt the pain that so many others in these type situations may have felt or are feeling. The question, do your text or work manuals contain information by or about people like me? Caused me to really stop and think. I have never really paid attention to who wrote the manuals for my development. Honestly, the way it is written I can not decipher the person or people’s race that put the manual, pamphlets, or leaflets together. However, there were many important factors that went into deciding where I wanted to live; for example the schools, the development is close to where I work, it is close to downtown, it is appealing to the suburban lifestyle, the recreation opportunities for me as well as my children, and our development is close to the airport. In my opinion, anyone that moved here for these reasons is just like me. Fortunately, there are no concepts of the manuals or texts that relate specifically to race. The local media in Charlotte NC represents all people. I am not an individual who watches the news frequently as I prefer not to because it seems that there is always some sort of chaos, turmoil, or other stories that don’t always have an ending that leaves one in a peaceful state of mind. On the occasions, that I have taken the time to read or watch the local news channel I am proud to say that both are operated in a manner that appears diverse. While writing this paper I specifically stopped and watched the local news channel and it seems as though the anchor men and women are individuals that portray themselves in a manner that make it impossible to tell their cultural backgrounds. I assume it is this way so that they don’t appear bias or as individuals leaning in one way or another to a specific ethnicity or race. One of the main similarities between me and the community leaders is the fact that they are also neighbors. These individuals’ names are known in all households in this area. They have taken the time to make themselves seen and to let all the residents in this community know that they are readily available to assist with any matter, be it big or small. One of the main things that made me pick this particular development is when I wanted to see the inside of a model home that was not available, the community leader that I spoke of previously, was called and came to take me on a tour of her own home, which was the exact model that I wanted to see. After the walk-thru she took the time to sit down and encourage me as to why living in this neighborhood would be an excellent choice for me and my children. Although, I’d lost my husband tragically in an automobile accident, I knew that I’d be making the right choice picking this particular area. The only difference between me and the rest of the community leaders is the fact that we are individual people, we all have our own likes as well as our own dislikes. There is only one thing that makes me different from my community’s leaders, and the majority of my neighbors is that I am a widow. Yet, I have this in common with a few of the elderly residents in my area. When speaking of minority groups in my area, the first thought that comes to mind is the number of women who live here, then other races, and ethnicities. I have to admit I am not concerned about there being a lack of representation for any minority in this area. As stated in the opening paragraph the only inequity that concerned me was when developers wanted to build public housing in this area the out lash of some of the individuals that live in this area. However, the issue has since been resolved, the conclusion: â€Å"People who are in favor of the Ballantyne Crossing complex say there’s a need for affordable housing for people who work in Ballantyne, who want to live there as well. † (Warren Cooksey representative of the Balllantyne area on the Charlotte City Council-WCNC News 36). References http://www.richferretti.com/ballantyne-nc.asp How to cite Race and Your Community, Essay examples

Case Study Analysis Of Job Sharing At Motorola †Free Samples

Questions: 1.How does Motorolas job sharing system fit with their business needs? 2.What particular needs do female employees face in work-life balance arrangements such as job sharing? 3.What are the advantages and disadvantages of job sharing to job sharers and their managers? 4.What cultural factors come into play in introducing job sharing into other organisations in an Australian context? Answers: 1. Motorola in order to remain competitive implement various work life balance practices which includes a job sharing system. A job sharing system requires the employees to work in a 12 hours shift for seven hours for seven days divided into four and three days a week. The full hour shift is divided into two employees equally. As mentioned in a case study Motorola plant operates 24 hours and 7 days a week, which means the work pressure is very high. Job sharing reduces the work burden on employees and helps them to remain productive throughout their work shift. This also enables the two individuals to work together and achieve the organizational goals effectively. It also creates loyal workers and helps the organization to retain talented and hardworking people who want more flexibility in their work hours due to personal commitment (Michael Page, 2016). The operators feel valued and satisfied at the workplace which directly increase their productivity and reduced the absenteeism rat e. It also prevents external recruitment and the cost associated with hiring and training new individual. Job sharing have enabled Motorola to operate 24 hours and 7 days with each employee committed to work efficiently to give them a competitive edge in the industry (Weinreb, 2011). 2. Job sharing for female employees is an appreciated arrangement in which they can effectively manage the work life balance but still there are certain issues female faces in work life arrangement. Female attrition rate is very high in organization due to the lack of flexibility in their workplace roles and responsibilities. When the work hours are reduced there are chances that the base pay will also get reduced accordingly. This directly affects their career development. In order to successfully carry out job sharing arrangement the availability of a job sharer is also very important. The job sharer should have same set of skills and abilities to complement the role of other employee. If it is not possible then the work performance gets affected. Women who perform night duty as a part of their job sharing may confront security issues and sexual harassment issues. The chances of performance appraisals also get reduced as the performance is measured as a team and not individually (R ichardson, 2009). Job share can mostly work in supportive roles; women who are into the role of senior level have to resume a full time responsibility or either compromise on their career (ACAS, 2011). 3. Advantages to the managers and job sharers: Job sharing enables the manager to retain skilled and talented employees, who otherwise have not been able to work due to their personal commitments. It also reduces the cost of hiring new individual. Burnouts referred to as stress among employees due to high workload at workplace. In the competitive environment employees are asked to be more productive which increase exhaustion and stress level. Job sharing reduces the burnout among employees and helps them to be more productive. It also improves the performance and leads to division of work among two individuals having relevant skills and experience at a cost effective manner. It gives Job flexibility to employees (Daniels, 2011). Disadvantages to Job sharers and managers: Not much employees wants to engage in this job sharing arrangements because it reduces the basic pay and hamper the career growth of individuals. It is very difficult for the manager to find the other individual who have the same set of skills and capabilities as another person. If the other individual involved in job sharing is not qualified or hardworking, it will directly impact the output of the organization and affect the growth of an individual (Crampton, et al., 2003). 4. The successful implementation of job sharing arrangements depends a lot on Cultural factors of the country. While introducing Job sharing practices in Australia there are several factors that are to be kept in mind: The female employees make 45 percent of the total workforce which means job sharing arrangement should accommodate more female workers and give them work flexibility (AIM, 2012). The number of male workers has also increased in the part time as they want to spend some time with their children and participate in other household responsibilities. Job sharing arrangement should involve womens in the day shift and men in the night shift. It has also been found the Generation Y people are more inclined towards work flexibility because they value their personal interest and passion more. They are also engage in pursuing other opportunities. Individuals who are reaching the retirement age but still want to continue their work but with more work flexibility. Job sharing is a good option for them and the organization because these people are experienced and qualified and must be retained (Anderson, 2016). By taken into account these factors Job sharing can be introduced in Australian organization. References Acas. (2011). Help advice for employers and employees. Retrieved from https://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3568 on 4 May 2017. AIM. (2012). MANAGING IN A FLEXIBLE WORK ENVIRONMENT. Retrieved from https://www.wgea.gov.au/sites/default/files/AIM-Managing-in-a-Flexible-Work-Environment.pdf on 4 May 2017. Anderson, C. (2016). Why Flexible Work Is The Way Of The Future, And How Small Business Can Help. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/04/01/flexible-work-jobs_n_9579456.html on 4 May 2017. Crampton, S., Douglas, C., Hodge, J. Mishra, J. (2003). Job Sharing: Challenges and Opportunities. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10683863.pdf on 4 May 2017. Daniels, L. (2011). JOB SHARING AT SENIOR LEVEL: MAKING IT WORK. Retrieved from https://www.thejobshareproject.com/3434hjkv97fgb378fbv/jobsharefullreport.pdf on 4 May 2017. Michael Page. (2016). The benefits of job sharing. Retrieved from https://www.michaelpage.co.uk/advice/career-advice/making-your-next-career-move/benefits-job-sharing on 4 May 2017. Richardson, M. (2009). Making job share work: Australian women share their success secrets. Retrieved from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwj6uMLu1tXTAhWBQI8KHXeTBKEQFggtMAEurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moirgroup.com.au%2F_literature_56452%2FMaking_job_share_workusg=AFQjCNF7_NxEjodbJDqGfCm1aaumODrYhA on 4 May 2017. Weinreb, E. (2011). How Job Sharing May Be The Secret To Work-Life Balance. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/work-in-progress/2011/10/24/how-job-sharing-may-be-the-secret-to-work-life-balance/#83dc967129c1 on 4 May 2017.

The Crucible Essays (776 words) - The Crucible, Tituba, John Proctor

The Crucible The Crucible The trumped-up witch hysteria in Salem, Massachusetts, deteriorated the rational, and emotional stability of its citizens. This exploited the populations weakest qualities, and insecurities. The obvious breakdown in Salem's social order led to the tragedy which saw twenty innocent people hung on the accusation of witchcraft. Arthur Miller, author of The Crucible, used hysteria to introduce personality flaws in vulnerable characters. A rigid social system, fear, and confusion were evident conditions that became prevalent before and during the witchtrials. These conditions only contributed to the tragedy in Salem. The isolation of the Puritan society created a rigid social system that did not allow for any variation in lifestyle. The strict society that was employed at this time had a detrimental effect on the Proctor family. John Proctor, a hard working farmer who had a bad season the year before and struggling this year was occasionally absent at Sunday service. This was due to the fact he needed to tend to his crops. Also, Proctor did not agree with the appointment of Mr. Parris as the newest minister, and therefore did not have his last child baptized. With the latest craze of witchery and swirling accusations, John Proctor was easily indicted of being a messenger for the devil by the testimony of his disillusioned servant Mary Warren, who in the past committed perjury. The court who heard the testimony easily accepts it because she is a church going person, while John Proctor slightly deviates from the norm. This transfer of blame is also noticeable when the truth is first discovered about what the girls were doing in the woods. The girls were not blamed. The blame was put on Tituba, the "black" slave who was said to have "charmed" the girls. Abigail swears that "she [Tituba] made me do it".(pg.40) It is obvious that in the Puritan society that whatever did not conform to what the masses had decided as proper, then the deviated, but innocent, were to blame. This practice contributed to the tragedy in Salem. The fear of what was unknown created an uneasiness within Salem's population that added to Salem's social demise. The circumstances surrounding the witchtrials gave residents something to blame the supernatural on. The condemning of Tituba was mainly due to this. When Tituba took the girls into the woods, and they performed their ceremony, something the Puritans were not accustom to, she convicted of witchery. Along with Tituba, Martha Corey was indicted solely because she would not allow Giles to read them. Giles also stated that "I tried and tried and could not say my prayers. And then she close her book and walks out of the house, and suddenly--mark this--I could pray again!"(pg.38) This evidence of witchery is preposterous. The only thing that is true is that Giles was not allowed to read the books, and because he did not what the books contained, he feared them. This type of reaction throughout the community to the supernatural, and what was not known indicted many people, and contributed to the tragedy in Salem. The state of mass confusion in Salem created a society of individuals who were only concerned with what was good for them, so that they would not be the next one implicated in the witchery scandal. This situation is clearly evident after Hale becomes privy to the true story of what happened in the woods. Abigail abandons Tituba, and accuses her of "sending her spirit on me in church; she makes me laugh at prayer"(pg.41), and Abigail also says Tituba "comes to me every night to go and drink blood"[devil's blood](pg.41). Abigail reacts like this only to save her from being suspected of witchery. At the end of Scene One, many community members are accused of consorting with the devil. These names were given by all of the girls present that took part in the ritual in the woods, in an attempt to return to the graces of God and to be declared bewitched. This was a common reaction that many had when accused of witchery.It led to confrontations which pitted neighbor versus neighbor and husband versus wife. The delirium which created this situation aided in the misfortune proceedings in Salem. The evident destruction of Salem's social order was due to rigid stipulations on deviation, fear of the unknown, and mass confusion. These conditions left Salem susceptible to an apparent epidemic such as witchcraft. The susceptibility that Salem fell victim to, was the cause of a great tragedy which saw twenty townspeople hung at the hands of the state. The Crucible written by Arthur Miller is

beyond freedom and dignity essays

beyond freedom and dignity essays In B. F. Skinners book, Beyond Freedom s point of view. That is, a point of view where man is viewed primarily as an animal, the "being" aspect of a "human being" is dropped from the picture. There is no consideration for a view of man who has mind that observes, chooses, decides and initiates action upon the environment. Basically, Skinner insinuated the idea that man has no personality, free will, responsibility, and that contemporary concepts of freedom and dignity can not be realistically applied to life experiences. I consider the question that if it is the natural stimuli that control the actions of humans, who controls the natural stimulus? Subsequently, if the natural stimuli are randomly occurring, that means that all things experienced by humans are at best, by chance or luck. I will first discuss parts of Skinners theories before I state my opinion on the validity of his work. Skinners entire system of experimentation was based on operant conditioning. While trying to comprehend Skinners explanation of operant conditioning, I visualized a person getting knocked around in a pin-ball machine. This person bouncing around in a pin-ball machine represents the idea of reaction, that is, to everything it would come into contact with. From Skinners point of view, those things a person would come in contact with are the stimulus, or the reinforcers. Specifically, the stimulus has the ability to increase the operant, or the behavior taking place right before the stimulus. Additionally, Skinner believed that the behaviors following the stimulus are consequences. Whether good or bad, those consequences have the ability to affect the tendency for a person to repeat the action. Skinner also discussed a different kind of stimulus, aversive stimulus, or something that is found uncomfortable and ...

Understanding Christianity from an Aristotelian point of view Essay

Understanding Christianity from an Aristotelian point of view - Essay Example This paper will compare and contrast the characterization of God in the Summa Theologica and the neo-Platonist view. Both the summa theological and neo-Platonism account for the existence of a superior being or God. In the summa theological, Aquinas advances arguments that seek to establish and prove God’s existence (Brian 22). Aquinas states that there is a God simply because the world itself needs him as an explanation. The first part of the Summa Theologica concludes by Aquinas quipping that God cannot fail to exist. Aquinas proposes that the world cannot function with such efficiency without a grand architect who is God (Edward & Aquinas 39). The smoothness with which the world functions cannot be created by chance but must be the product of God’s work. Aquinas in his first three arguments aims at explaining the existence of God by accounting for the change in the physical world, the presence of the physical world, and existence in itself. Neo-Platonism also accepts the existence of the one who is infinite (Albert 30). The one gets painted as the source of life and the sole cause of the only real existence. The one is the source of all life. The one is beyond all forms of being. The one gets portrayed as the most reality and a source of less real things. The one is a divine power that is complete and self-sufficient (Remes 132). The Summa Theologica and neo-Platonism acknowledge the existence of a superior being who is all-knowing. The summa theological derives its characterization of God from an Aristotelian point of view (Brian 103). The neo-platonic conception of the one gets derived from Plato’s teachings. The Summa Theologica rejects the idea of the neo-Platonists that knowledge of the Supreme Being gets based on ideas and forms that exist in the mind (Aquinas & Edward 93). Aquinas disputes Plato’s view that knowledge gets derived from the mind alone. He suggests that knowledge gets derived from the soul which has intellect in its composition. He argues against Plato’s view by suggesting that if knowledge only got derived from the mind alone, then the soul would be of no use to the body. Aquinas affirms the need for the body in the acquisition of knowledge and rejects the theory of innate ideas forwarded by the Platonists (Brian 74). Neo-Platonists argue that the knowledge of the one gets contemplated by the mind, which generates ideas and forms (Remes 100). By generation of ideas and forms, the knowledge about the one gets divided and multiplied. The knowledge about the one gets transcended into the physical world through the world soul. The world soul according to the neo-Platonists is separate from the individual human souls (Albert 145). Summa Theologica differs with neo-platonic concepts on the basis of how the knowledge of God gets inferred to human beings. Both the Summa Theologica and the neo-platonic concepts on the characterization of God agree that the mind assists in the acquisition of knowledge. The mind acquires knowledge about God by creating images. Aquinas refers to these images as ‘phantasms’ in the Summa Theologica (Aquinas & Edward 123). Aquinas argues that the mental images about God get based on sensual experience, and this creates universal ideas and principles.  

Chicano Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chicano - Essay Example These people belonged to the poorest families in rural areas of Mexico, and did not had any identity in the society, used the term Chicano during the Civil rights Movement in order to amalgamate themselves so that they can be recognized by the world. Chicano descendents reflected distinctive culture of Mexican Americans (Arturo, pp. 197-208). The natives speaking slang language with different pronunciations mocked these people, which was an insult for them. The basis of Chicano was contradictory, as the pronunciation and spelling of Spanish language revolutionized causing discrepancy in differentiating between Chicano and Mexicano, but it was apparent that the word Chicano did not have any effect from this language change. The dual identity of Chicanos entails that these people have neither U.S. origin nor they reflect the Mexican society. This combination of customs of both the nations makes them strive for their acceptance into the American society while retaining their Mexican tra ditions and practices (Arturo, pp. 41-55). A culture reflects the traditions, beliefs, practices, customs, and lifestyles of any society or race. Likewise, Chicano also pertain a diversified culture (Isabel, pp. 63-67). The aspects of Chicano culture are mainly literature, arts, and music. ... 47-61). The people of Chicano possess a very simple yet a colorful lifestyle. The life of Chicanos does not characterize by technology; therefore, they depend upon natural resources to acquire information. These people have poor housing and do not have the access to health facilities. Because of the cultural restrictions, Chicanos have to marry a person of opposite sex within the same race (Isabel, pp. 23-38). They have a strong family relationship, where members are interdependent, and elders are open to suggestions from youngster. Chicano cuisine is famous for its dishes that are very delicious due to inclusion of variety of chilies in it. The basic sources of food such as beans, corn, and peppers are present in huge quantities in their food. The people consume simple, healthy, balanced, and short meals on specific times during the day. Life, death, family bonding, and religious practices are of prime importance to them. They are strong followers of Catholics and those who do not a bide by the obligations, have to face strict consequences. They believe that their religion gives them power to survive through the crises they come across, in their lives (Isabel, pp. 47-61). The idea of death for Chicanos is unlike the concept of death for any other faith as they have a pleasing relation with the dead. Spanish and Catholic have an immense influence on the concept of death for Chicanos. The traditions and practices include a wide variety of celebrations, amongst which the most significant event celebrated by the people of Chicanos is the ‘Day of the Dead’ (Johnston & Winter, pp. 10-14). It resembles the festival of Halloween, celebrated by Americans but the difference

Effect Of Heavy Metals On The Environment Environmental Sciences Essay

Effect Of Heavy Metals On The Environment Environmental Sciences Essay Heavy metals are most abundant forms of pollution in Malaysia either in the forms of solid or liquid. With the vast industrialization and economic development in coastal region, heavy metals are continuing to be introduced to the estuarine and coastal environment which eventually end up into the river, runoffs and land based area (Yu et al., 2007). Metals diffuses into the aquatic environment will settle down and be incorporated into sediments together with organic matters, Fe/Mn oxides, sulfides, and clay (Wang and Chen, 2000). However, heavy metal mobility or availability in contaminated materials depends to large extent upon the different chemical and mineralogical forms that occurred (Song et al., 1999). Therefore, sediments seem to be an excellent medium in the assessment of the metals bound to the particulates. Nonetheless, sediments are known to act as a sink for heavy metals to be introduced into waters either from both natural and anthropogenic sources thus providing an exce llent proof of mans impact (Pempkowiase et al., 1999; Guevara et al., 2005). In addition, they may also act as traps for various types of pollutants including heavy metals (Poh and Mun, 1994). Indeed, changes in environmental conditions such as pH and redox potential should be monitored since it may results in remobilization of heavy metals. Unfortunately, due to the scarcity of information available to establish the heavy metal concentration in sediment using sequential extraction, no data is presented concerning the heavy metal pollution in the rivers except for one author Shazili et al., 2008 on Langat River Basin. Heavy metals element is particularly crucial because any slight changes in availability may cause these elements to become either toxic or deficient to plant (Krishnamurti et al., 1995). In fact, sequential extraction analysis is a technique which is used to investigate the geochemical partitioning of heavy metals amongst solid mineral and organic phases in sediment or other earth minerals (Howard and Vandenbrink, 1999). Sequential fractionation also frequently used in approaches to evaluate metals distribution into different chemical forms present in solid phases. Although direct methods provide an unambiguous identification of the heavy metal forms and ways why they occur, they might not be sufficiently sensitive where heavy metals occur at relatively low levels and they do not provide quantitative information on heavy metal mobility and availability (Song et al., 1999). However, sequential extraction approach is undoubtedly useful since few attempts have completed and few modification have been made based on Tessier et al., (1979); such as Silviera et al., (2006); Krishnamurti et al., (1995); Song et al., (1999); Forghani et al., (2009), Poh and Mun, (1994). 2.0 Problem Statement Langat river, Bernam River and Klang River basin is located in the state of Selangor in which known to be the most developing states in Malaysia other than Kuala Lumpur. All of these rivers are primarily important as water source not only limited to supplying water to consumer but also for other purposes such as aquaculture and agriculture activity, fishing, effluent discharge, irrigation and even sand mining. With the vast industrialization held in the river such as sand mining it generate the release of metal bound in sediment into the water promoting metals diffussion into the aquatic organisms and eventually ends up into humans body. Moreover, each metals poses their own threat to human, particularly Cadmium (Cd) are known for causing adverse health effects, once ingest into our body it will cause lung cancer moreover it seldom important as a cause of phytotoxicity in paddy field (Chaney, 2010). On the other hand, Zinc (Zn) is a deficient and phytotoxic element in sediment which causes abdominal pain to humans, the latter due to industrial contamination (Chaney, 2010). Copper (Cu) in sediments strongly adsorbs to clay minerals, iron and manganese oxides and organic material. In addition, it tends to remain in horizons that have a greater organic content whereas sandy sediment with low pH poses the greatest potential for Cu leaching. On contrary, lead (Pb) is considered to be one of the major environmental pollutants and has been incriminated as a cause of accidental poisoning in domestic animals more than any other substance. In a nutshell, these metals are emboldened to be analyses since this metal endured high toxicity in the environment thus poses high potential threat and risk to humans and living organisms. 3.0 Significance of Study This study is prominent since in Malaysia there is only few attempted study using sequential extraction as medium in determining the fate of metals in environment. Particularly, this study will be useful as a baseline data for goverment bodies to be more sensitive on the issues related to heavy metals. On the other hand, this study will provide a delineation on the sources of metals which contribute the most anthropogenically or naturally to the environment since the major contributor on the environment deteroriation is a non point source. Therefore, identifying the potential sources is crucial in maintaining the environment. Nonetheless, by conducting this study it ables to generate a profound understanding on the sources and parent materials of which heavy metals are highly introduce to the estuary. Thus, contribute to the discovery of metals strength and percentage of binding to organic or inorganic pollutants. Hence, providing an illustration on the status of pollution in the sel ected rivers based on screening of the forms of metals associated in the river. In addition, the attempted method will utter a method development in assesing the metal in the environment. This study is beneficiary especially by the Department of Irrigation on the overview of the river status thus able to mitigate a scheme on reducing the metal accumulation into the river by identifying the source of pollution. 4.0 Research Objective To ascertain the chemical and mineralogical forms of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn in selected polluted river. To profile the metal speciation (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) in the sediment at selected polluted river in Selangor. To determine the heavy metals affinity for specific geochemical phases in the recently deposited sediments in the river. To identify the pollution sources and active component of heavy metals accumulate into the surficial sediment and its chemical behavior in the aquatic environment. 5.0 Literature Review A river is component of water cycle. Mostly rainfall on land will passes through a river on its way to the ocean and smaller side streams will joins the river forming a tributaries (DID, 2010). In Malaysia, the water within a river generally originates from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at base flow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural or man-made reservoirs, such as wetlands, ponds or lakes (DID, 2010). Therefore, the rainfall will generate the surface runoff and flows into the river. While the runoff will collect all the suspended particulates on the land surface into the river. This is why source of metal is very hard to trace since it is a non point sources elements which diffuse into the river Basin. Therefore, in this case sediments play an important role in identication of the metals since it acts as transport and storage of potentially hazardous metals (Yu et al., 2008). Bernam River is approximately about 3335 km2 and it forms a boundary between States of Perak in the north and Selangor in the south. The undulating hills of Bernam River merge into an undeveloped peat swamp area where the downstream of the peat swamp is a densely populated coastal strip along the Bernam River. Rice is cultivated in the lower areas ad- jacent to peat swamps and rubber, oil palm, coconuts and cocoa are cultivated in estates and smallholder schemes. Agrochemicals (fertilizers and herbicides) used on agricultural lands suggest a potential non-point source of pollution and toxicity affecting the aquatic ecosystems (Yap and Ong, 1990). Logging generates pollution through soil erosion, siltation and sedimentation in the streams. On the other hand, Langat River basin covered an area of 1300 km2 in the south of Kuala Lumpur and the length of Langat River is approximately about 120 km long (Sarmani, 1989). Langat river known as an important water source not only limited to sup plying water to consumer but also for other purposes such as recreation, fishing, effluent discharge, irrigation and even sand mining (Juahir, 2009). Whereas, Klang River is notable as a highly polluted river in Selangor which flows through Kuala Lumpur and suburban area of the densely populated and highly industrialized Klang Valley (Tan, 1995). The upper reaches of the Klang River serve as an important source of water supply to an estimated population of two million people in this region, together with its growing industrial activities (Tan, 1995). According to the Environmental Quality Report (Department of Environment, 2007), the Klang River is regarded as one of the rivers which have been seriously affected by pollution. Discharges of wastewater from industrial activities in the Klang River basin have also contributed to increasing levels of organic chemical pollutants in the waterways. However, metals in sediment comes in various forms of elements. Therefore, each metals may give beneficiary and may also cause a potential threat to human. Once consumable in our body it might cause a significant imbalance thus causing deformities and poor health (Birungi et al., 2008). Sediment are an important features in the river any activities occured related to sediment such deepen or mining may cause the release of heavy metals into the river. This is because heavy metals may enter into natural water and become a part of the water sediment system and their distribution processes are controlled by a dynamic set of physical-chemical interactions and equilibrium (Jain, 2003). Therefore, the metals may bind to the aquatic organisms. Since these river is an essential water source in the state of Selangor, any aquaculture activity held in the river may have a significant potential of heavy metals accumulate into the fish or prawns. On the other hand, the deposition of metals in sedi ments usually occurs through an interaction between sediment and water (Piron et al., 1990), whereby changes of metal contents of sediments and water depend on changes of water chemistry, such as, temperature, pH and solute concentration. That is why such study is prominent since metals interactions between bed sediment and water in aquatic environment play an important role on water quality and the fate and transport of metals. There are series of modification of sequential extraction technique have been made upon the suitability of the study. The recent modification are introduce by Silviera et al., 2006 which proposed to the studies specifically on the tropical soil. This method listed out seven fractionation steps which each illustrates the metal bound particulate in the sediments. The first three fractionation steps explains the geochemical condition of the sediment whereas the fourth to the seventh steps refers to the anthropogenic conditions. This method is an alternative way to determine the source of metals, because the anthropogenically sourced metals preferentially partition to the non-residual phase of the sediment while the residual phase generally reflects background geochemical conditions (Forghani et al., 2009). Moreover, this method were chosen since it selectively extracts metal bound by specific sediment fractions with minimal effect on the other sediment components (Silviera et al., 2006) . In addition, this method are an important tool for predicting the potential effects of environmental changes and land application of metals on the redistribution of chemical forms in tropical sediments (Silviera et al., 2006). 6.0 Research Methodology Sediment Sampling Thirty representative surficial sediments (0-20cm depth) will be taken from selected polluted river in Selangor from upstream to downstream of the river. Surface sediments samples will be collected in triplicates and homogenised in a zip lock polyethylene bags. The sampling will be conducted during low tide to enable the source of pollution from the mainland to be determined without the influence of input from seawater compared to sampling during high tide. Sediment samples will be collected using plastic scoops, Eckman Grab or core sampler and place into acid-washed double zip-lock polyethylene bag. All samples will be stored in cool box at 4 °C during transportation to the laboratory prior to analysis. Sampling preparation The laboratory apparatus are also acid washed and rinsed thoroughly first with distilled water to ensure any contaminants and traces of cleaning reagent were removed before the analysis. Pre-clean polycarbonate centrifuge tube with soaked overnight in 5 % (v/v) nitric acid rinsed with distilled water after 24 hours prior to analysis. It is performed in clean laboratory to minimize the potential risk of contamination. Laboratory Analysis Physicochemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, salinity and conductivity will be measured using the 1:2 ratio of sediment and double deionized water (DDW). In addition, cations exchange capacity (CEC) and loss on ignition (LOI) will also be determined in the study. Physicochemical Parameters The sediment physicochemical analyses will be determined by mixing 10 g of air dried sample ( Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Sediment samples for CEC determination will be prepare in two 10 g portions, one for treatment with a 1 M NaCl solution and other with a 1 M NH4Cl solution. Approximately about 10 ml of 95% ethanol will be carefully poured on sediment sample and drawn through the sediment by suction. The ethanol remaining in the sediment will later be removed by overnight evaporation. Then, the sediment will be transferred to small 50 ml Polycarbonate centrifuge tubes. Hence, about 30 ml of 1M NaCl was applied to one set of sub samples and 1 M NH4Cl solution was added to other set. The centrifuge tubes contains with the sediment pre-treated with NaCl and NH4Cl then will be shaken end over end for about 10-20 minutes and subsequently centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes in order to settle the fines. After the samples are centrifuged, the supernatant will be removed with syringe and filter through a 0.45  µm filter. About 15 ml of sample will be used for the analysis of Ca, Mg, and K from the NaCl supernatant solution and preserved with 1% 7M HNO3. Meanwhile, the solution from NH4Cl supernatant will be used for determination of Na and also preserved with 1% 7M HNO3. Sample analysis for Ca, Mg, Na and K adopted similar procedure as in the case of major cations determination. The exchangeable cation concentration are converted from meq/100g to equivalent fractions (ÃŽÂ ²T) as (Apello Postma, 2005) ÃŽÂ ²T = meqI-Xz_____ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœI, Jà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. meqI-Xz Where I, J,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. are exchangeable cations, meqI-Xi is normally given in meq/100 g dry sediment and à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ meqI-Xz is essential equal to CEC, ignoring minor amounts of Fe, Mn, etc. Loss of Ignition (LOI) Dry a sample in an oven at 105 °C to constant weight. Accurately weigh 1g of this dried sample and pour into a preweighed dry crucible. Optionally, a few drops of H2O2 may be added at this stage to promote oxidation. The samples will be transfered into muffle furnace and gradually increase the temperature to 500 °C. Leave inside the oven at this temperature for at least 4h or overnight if convenient. Cool, transfer to a dessicator and allow it to cool to room temperature. Weigh and calculate loss on ignition in % as: LOI (%) = 100 x (M1 M2) M1 Where M1 is the initial weight (g) and M2 is the weight after ignition (g). Sequential Extraction Procedure The methods that will be used in this study are based on modification methods from (Silviera et al., 2006). The fractionation of heavy metals in sediments will be carried out in triplicate, using 1 g of air-dried sediment. Then, sediment samples will be placed in 50 ml polycarbonate centrifuge tubes, mixed in a stepwise fashion with various reagents as shown in figure 1, and the suspensions equilibrated. By following equilibration, the solution and solid phases will then be separated by centrifugation at 1225 g for 10 min. In between each successive extraction, the solid residues are suspended in 5 ml of 0.1 M NaCl, shaken by hand, and centrifuged to displace extracting solution remaining from the previous step. The supernatant will be added to the former extractant. The steps are intended to reduce sample dispersion and to minimize read sorption of the metal. The supernatants will be filtered through a 0.45  µm membrane, and the solid residues are preserved for the subsequent extr actions. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the various extracts will be determined by Inductive Couple Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mass balances, calculated by summing individual Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn masses recovered from fractions, were compared with the independently determined total metal masses. Data Analysis Further data analysis will be conducted using the raw data obtained from the sample analysis. Descriptive analysis, cluster analysis, factor Analysis will be conducted using few softwares such as SPSS version 17 and Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP) and AQUACHEM. Enrichment factors (EF) will be calculated to determine the level of trace metal contamination of the sediments. 7.0 Project Benefit Research Publications 2 research journal with impact factor Output expected from the project It is expected that several publication can be produced from the data obtained in this study which useful as a reference for future research. It will provide the latest information on the level of metal pollution in Selangor which useable for relevant authority to make the future planning and management purposes. Economic contribution of the project By using the information gathered in this research, the relevant government bodies can make better planning and take preventive measures to avoid further contamination of the river as it is crucial source for the nation fisheries and aquaculture activity. Moreover, important because a lot of the population which resides near the mangrove area depend on it for their livelihood. Since, the destruction or contamination of this area will affect their source of income. The reduction in fisheries produce from the mangrove area due to metal pollution will results in higher imports of fish products which in turn increase the outflow of money from the country. 8.0 References Apello, C.A.J Postma, D. 2005. Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution. 2nd edition. Roterdam: Balkema. Birungi, Z., Masola, B., Zaranyika, M. F., Naigaga, I. and Marshall, B. (2008). Active biomonitoring of trace heavy metals using fish (Oreochromis niloticus) as bioindicator species:the case of Nakivubo wetland along lake victoria. Chaney, R. L., 2010. Cadmium and Zinc. Trace Element in Soils. Wiley Publication. United Kingdom. Department of Environment, 2007. DOE Annual Report 2007. Retrieved from http://www.doe.gov.my/files/multimedia141/AR_JAS.pdf on 10 October 2010. DID, 2010. Department of Irrigation. River Management-Activities. Retrieved on 5 October 2010 at http://www.water.gov.my/index.php?option=com_contenttask= Forghani et al., 2009. Geochemistry and speciation of metals in sediments of the Maharlu Saline Lake, Shiraz, SW Iran. Environment Earth Science (2009) 59:173-184 Guevara et al., 2005. In Yu, R., Yuan, X., Zhao, Y., Hu, G., Tu, X., 2008. Heavy metal pollution in intertidal sediments from Quanzhou Bay, China. Journal of Environment Science 20, 664-669. Howard J. L., Vandenbrink W. J., 1999. Sequential extraction analysis of heavy metals in sediments of variable composition using nitrilotriacetic acid to counteract resorption. Jain, C. K., 2003. Metal fractionation study on bed sediments of River Yamuna, India. Water Research 38 (2004) 569-578 Juahir, H., Zain, S., Yusoff, M., Hanidza, T., Armi, A., Toriman, M. and Mokhtar, M., 2010. Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. Krishnamurti, G. S. R., Huang, P. M., Van Rees, K. C. J., Kozak, L. M. and Rostad, H. P. W., 1995. Speciation of particulate-bound Cadmium of Soils and its bioavailability. Analyst, 120.851. Pempkowiase J., Sikora A., Biernacka E., 1999. Speciation of heavy metals in marine sediments vs their accumulation by mussels. Chemosphere 1999:39(2):313-21. Piron, M., Pineau, A. and Mabele, R.M., 1990. Sediment, parameters and distribution of metals in fine sediments of the loire estuary. Water, Air, Amp; Soil Pollution 50(3), 267-277. Poh E. L., Mun Y. K., 1994. Determination and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Juru river, Penang, Malaysia. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 35:85-95, 1995. Sarmani, S., 1989. The determination of heavy metals in water, suspended materials and Sediments from Langat River, Malaysia. Hydrobiologia 176/177 : 233-238, 1989 . Shazili, N.A.M., Yunus, K., Ahmad, A.S., Abdullah, N. and Rashid, M.K.A., 2006. Heavy metal pollution status in the Malaysian aquatic environment. Aquatic Ecosystem Health Management 9(2), 137-145. Silviera, M. L., Alleoni, L. R. F., OConnor, G. A., Chang, A. C., 2006. Heavy metal sequential extraction methods A modification for tropical soils. Chemosphere 64 (2006) 1929-1938. Song, Y., Wilson, M.J., Moon, H.S., Bacon, J.R. and Bain, D.C., 1999. Chemical and mineralogical forms of lead, zinc and cadmium in particle size fractions of some wastes, sediments and soils in Korea. Applied Geochemistry 14(5), 621-633. Tan, G. H., (1995). Residue Levels of Phthalate Esters in Water and Sediment Samples from the Klang River Basin. Environment Contamination and Toxicology 54:171-1769 1995 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C., Bisson, M., 1979. Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals. Analytical Chamistry, Vol 51, No 7, June 1979. US EPA, 1996. Method 3050B. Acid digestion of sediments, sludges and soils. Available from http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/3050b.pdf viewid=16Itemid=395 Yap, S.Y. and Ong, H.T. (1990) The effects of agrochemicals on an aquatic ecosystem: a case study from the Krian River basin, Malaysia. The Environmentalist 10(3), 189 ±202. Yu, R., Yuan, X., Zhao, Y., Hu, G., Tu, X., 2008. Heavy metal pollution in intertidal sediments from Quanzhou Bay, China. Journal of Environment Science 20, 664-669.

Religious Leaders Essay

My fellow men, women and children, young, old and inbetween I have many thanks to give all of you. You have brought me here today in hopes of a better future for not only our country but for all the countries and without regard to color or race, the common good is what this country needs. We need to come together, help each other to become one in a synergistic form so that we all can survive not only economically but spiritually. You have recognized this. In doing this then the lives of all of us will become filled with more peace, patience and understanding thus providing for a less war torn country whether by actual war or by economical means and in this, the ripple effect will also allow an economical balance more so than all of us fighting against everything that we do each day. We need to start with the promotion of the right subjects and this would be the health and welfare of all of us. These two topics will always hold a common good for everyone. Based upon this knowledge there are three basic principles in which we must address and implement. Respect, social welfare and peace and security. (Principle of the Common Good- 2007 Ascension Health). Fundamentally as humans we all have rights to education, employment, health care, clothes, food and shelter and the only way to achieve this is to have a very clear set of goals as basic humans. Basic humans who know to live for basic principles and follow the differences of what is right and wrong have a good head start for helping to change the face of our country. We have empathy for those who suffer and help those who are in those positions. We are not greedy nor live in a corporate financial world but one of a spiritual world, doing what we know to be right and true, even if it isn’t necessarily by a bible. We love without knowing who they are, we give because the giving is needed for all of us. We hope and pray for the lives of others, in the end we will come together and be able to form, as a unity, a much better country in which to live. It is in this thought that we all must have and practice certain virtues and in the words of Josef Pieper those virtues are temperance, prudence, justice and fortitude. We must have the fortitude to not be afraid of our own true selves and to come forth and do what is necessary and right. We are in uncertain times and these time will only become more uncertain with or without changing the face of how we live and what we do. We must have the fortitude to bring back our country and certain factios that have been all but destroyed or deleted from our constitution. While we are struggling to have this fortitude we must also maintain a restraint against one another, a self control of angers and behaviors, a moderation of the dislike we all experience and a with holding of the negative talk from our tounges. If we can moderate our self interests with the interests and rights of others then our judgment and actions will become more appropriate. It is at this time that I propose radical changes in which to do exactly this and with much prayer and a strong belief in these virtues it is time to be selfish as a country, as a whole and first bring back the true freedom of religion. All positive religion is based upon the commonality of good, the basic principle of truth, respect, loyalty and love. I stand before you today thanking my own higher power that this country has brought me in front of you today. That there has been the realization that we are lacking much as a country and that you have chosen me to help lead the way from the dark back into the light. I thank my higher power that this country has agreed to bringing back our higher powers that many will call religion. It is in our God’s as one that we are united and we could not be united here today without your help and the setting aside of fears of persecution. From this day forward our Gods will be back with us in our churches, on our money, in our flag and I pray in our souls and in a continual motion to to perpetuate the goodness where we once stood. This will be a rough road but the addage of good wins over evil is what we will show from here on out. In the interest and continuity of our new found freedoms and in light of our economic situation we must practice yet again another round of the fortitude that you all exhibited and go forth to heal our country in its many torn threads and it is in this that I plan on withdrawing some of our foreing aid which in turn will help to promote our own economic challenges by providing jobs and better financial means of our country. In the interest of what the other countries may lose in bringing back our foreign aid I will endow to help them also come up with a positive plan on how they can further themselves as well without our help. This is the giving side of me, of our country. It may be only a peace of paper or a few ideas but helping one another without destroying what we used to have is tantamount in our country and hopefully these actions will lead by example and instead of facing an armageddon of war among church and state, maybe we can face the opposite, the loving god and learn to accept others higher powers and respect these as well. In the meaning of education, all private institutions outside of colleges will no longer be tuition based that way we have more alternatives to education and those who wish to have their children brought up in a religion based setting will be able to do so. Essentially education will be free outside of what we would normally agree to pay through our taxes. Health care will become a more socialized moment. While we are not a socialized country some things need to be socialized and health care is one of these. Our medications will be free to those who qualify. Those who qualify will be those who are unable to work in any way. Those who are able to maintain employment, physically and mentally will have the option of paying for medications or performing duties of a helpful nature such as helping our less fortunate within private social clubs, helping our children with aspects they need; it comes down to a volunteer basis of helping one another. It may even be the doctor in which you are visiting tomorrow that needs an extra hand in planting seed for his yard. While this lacks an income of financial means in many ways it is also part of our duty to help. Much like a barter system which most of us practice in and have since we were children ourselves. It is a basic principle. At the end of each year we, the government will reimburse the healthcare system a portion of what they have put out. We, the government will impose strict guidelines of record keeping so that we may never have to come back to the people to ask for financial assistance. This is the difference of socialized medicine in Canada whereas there are taxes imposed upon each taxpayer. Instead of taxes being paid, it will be paid by our own choice of monies or volunteering. In the adherence to guideline employment will rise as this will create jobs of maintaining and monthly checks of billing procedures and barter trades. The people who are put into these positions do not have to be government related but regular laymens. The volunteer system will consist of a list of volunteer jobs available contingent upon how much is spent in the medical field for your ailments. This list can be added to by the attending physician. As for clothes, shelter and food, everyone is entitled. Those who are homeless for one reason or another will be introduced to new programs that will help them overcome barriers. The government, once again will provide many additional shelter homes and those who normally donate to thrift stores, their clothes or additional foods may continue to do so. In addtion to these it is respectfully requested that these donations also bedivied among all the Nation’s warehouse that will be implemented so that those less fortunate may also enjoy the basic living of food, clothes and shelter. We as a nation, you as the people who wanted this will reevaluate the entire bartering system and learn what self sufficiency is about and the goodwill that we learn will last a lifetime and pass on, I pray, from generation to generation. This will take the work of all of us together as a team. Whether we are Catholic, Protestant, Baptist, non denominational or Atheist; regardless of our beliefs, it is my hope that we can all step aside from ourselves to objectively see what the others have to offer before we judge. Whether we are religious or not, we all know that to judge is not in our best interest and serves no good justice. You as a country has asked for financial stability, free medicines, employment additional education, a lack of war and many other things and it is in this I thank you for demanding this knowing the work will be harder to get to where you want but the perseverance of the people to obtain what they desire. All men will be equal, all will have to work as hard as the next to care for each other. We will rise and come forth as a nation, holding our heads high because we have done what we have done for the better good for all of us. We will feel good knowing we helped the infirm to obtain their medicines, of teaching our children the hidden but inherent good of other people. Know that it was all of your decisions that have brought forth the ideas for change and it is all of our responsibility to implement these changes. During my time of asking you to choose myself as President I asked everyone to write in what they hoped to see, their ideas and thoughts of change and during this time I had my own panel of people analyze this information and we have, as best as we could, implemented every idea into the plan for change for the betterment of you. I thank you all for coming today. I thank you for your support and throughout these next few years I plan on becoming what is know more of as a friend than a Presidential figure. Friends work together hand in hand to help others and that is exactly what this country needs and this is exactly what I plan on doing. Once again, thank you and have a better day. Works Cited Josef Pieper. Religious Leaders. 17 September 2007. http://en. wikiquote. org/wiki/Josef_Pieper Klaus Rohrich. Dear America (Canada Warns U. S. About Socialized Medicine) 7/12/04. http://www. freerepublic. com/focus/f-news/1169903/posts Principle of the Common Good- 2007 Ascension Health http://www. ascensionhealth. org/ethics/public/key_principles/common_good. asp

The Stone Boy

Essay – The stone boy. In this essay, would I like to discuss how the way his family neglects Arnold can affect him in the future. The story is set in the south part of the USA where we meet the following characters, Arnold and Eugene on their way out early in the morning. The two boys are on their way out to the lake, where they are going to pick peas and if they are luckily, to shoot some ducks. Arnold has got a 22-caliber rifle, which he got from his father and on their way to the lake, when passing under some wires the rifle got stuck in it and ended up killing Eugene. When telling his parents about the incident they didn’t believed him. Shortly after the sheriff and the father bring Arnold in to town, they didn’t believe it was an accident but that he had planed everything. In The Stone Boy we meet a little boy by the name Arnold, who’s only 9 years old. He is a young, happy boy who looked up to his brother[1]. But something went awry when his brother got killed. He went into a state of shock that instead of calling for his father to help Eugene so that he could maybe survive, just went on picking peas. Furthermore his state of shock became worse when he was brought to the sheriff’s office for a hearing; In there, the sheriff questions Arnold about things, like why he was carrying a . 22-caliber rifle, if him and his brother where good friends, how it happened ect. But then the sheriff began pinpointing his questions, like why he didn’t call for help and why he kept on picking peas for an hour could Arnold not answer the question. Which made it seem obvous, to the sherrif and the father, that the boy might have killed Eugie for the sake of pleasure that and that accusation made Arnold look as an evil young boy[2]. The way the grownups handled the situation was poorly. The boy at only nine years gets questions thrown at him. â€Å"â€Å"I came down to pick peas,† he said. â€Å"What’s that got to do with it? † â€Å"It’s better to pick peas while they’re cool. † Those where the last words Arnold said at the sheriff’s office, before he was look upon as cruel and didn’t care about his brother. [3] The relationship between Mother and Arnold in The Stone Boy is not how it should be. At page 4 from line 116 and till the end of the page you see how Arnold’s mother is ignoring him. Putting her hands over her face to cover her eyes from meeting her on sons’ and ignoring him when he tries to come in to his mother at night to find closure, you can’t do anything, but feel sad for poor Arnold. If a child breaks something or looses something they should be scolded, but getting angry at a 9 year old child because for an accident no matter size and treating the child as a murderer because of his reaction should not be the answer. Arnold’s mother should have thought about that, because he was in grief and wanted her to be there, and maybe hold him in her arms and tell him that everything is going to be okay. But unfortunately she doesn’t do that and that becomes a consequence. The Stone Boy is written in a subjective 3rd-person. When I say subjective, I mean that the narrator only lets us see what Arnold is thinking while commenting throughout the story. An example could be; â€Å"Then he went out the door and down the back steps legs trembling from the fright his answer gave him. †[4] This is where his mother asked him what it was he wanted from her the night before, when she didn’t let him into her room. You can begin to see how he is affected by everything that has happened. That night she didn’t let him in, changed him because of the way he is emotionally. The themes that are mostly seen in The Stone Boy: †¢ Death: which we have seen throughout the story; the death of Eugene and mostly the death of himself. †¢ Identity/Failure: by the end of the story, Arnold has transformed himself into the â€Å"stone boy† referred to in the title. Yet, he doesn’t do so because he feels himself unable to experience emotions and share feelings; he does so because he realizes that this is how his family looks at him. Violence: the sheriff judges Arnold, defining him as a cold-blooded, merciless monster; everyone present feels the chill of his words. The sheriff's next words tell a grim future for Arnold. The Stone Boy covers most of the story, like I mentioned in the ‘themes’ section, about how the people around him, made him become this cynical ‘stone boy’ no matter what he does from that day on (after Eugeneâ₠¬â„¢s death) won’t change anything, because the environment has become ‘blinded’ by his emotional state. While reading the text, I found besides the misery, sadness and neglect, there was a very important massage and a big question; â€Å"Why was there a weapon at home and at a place where children could easily reach? † It wasn’t the boys fault but the parents. By that said no need to write more than that. ———————– [1] The Stone Boy – page 1. [2] The Stone Boy – page 4, line 106. [3] The Stone Boy – page 4, line 112. [4] The Stone Boy – page 5, line 142-143

Population Analysis - 843 Words

According to (Jennifer and Dennis 2015), it is suitable where the study search for to explain the distinctiveness of certain groups, estimate the percentage of people who have certain individuality and build predictions. The study necessitates bringing together data from the merchandise and services companies in Mogadishu Somalia; those are determining the number of populations of the study. According to the central limit formula, any random sample size greater than thirty is nearly normally distributed irrespective of the population size and can be an accurate representation of the population. The theorem, therefore, allows a researcher to select any sample greater than thirty. The study used to simple random sampling technique in†¦show more content†¦To complement regression analysis, correlation analysis will be passing out to analyze the relationship between working capital management, financial decision, investment decision, accounting information system, financial reporting analysis and financial performance. Testing of significance will be approving out for all variables using t-test at a 95% level of significance and 5% of standard error. To examine the relationship among these variables, Pearson correlation coefficients will calculate. 3.5 Data Collecting Research Instrument is self-administered questionnaire will use to collect data from the owners or finance managers and employees to working finance department of the identified merchandise and services enterprises. Also, research is used cross-sectional questionnaire. The survey used mainly the closed-ended questions with few open-ended questions. The questionnaire will divide into five sections. 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